Gilbert, Stephen

Large language model AI chatbots require approval as medical devices

Gilbert, S., Harvey, H., Melvin, T., Vollebregt, E., & Wicks, P. (2023) · Nature Medicine

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and EducationHealthcare Regulation

Cited by 207

How accurate are digital symptom assessment apps for suggesting conditions and urgency advice? A clinical vignettes comparison to GPs

Gilbert, S., Mehl, A., Baluch, A., Cawley, C., Challiner, J., Fraser, H., Millen, E., Montazeri, M., Multmeier, J., Pick, F., et al. (2020) · BMJ Open

Mobile Health and mHealth ApplicationsArtificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education

Cited by 183

Patients’ Utilization and Perception of an Artificial Intelligence–Based Symptom Assessment and Advice Technology in a British Primary Care Waiting Room: Exploratory Pilot Study

Miller, S., Gilbert, S., Virani, V., & Wicks, P. (2020) · JMIR Human Factors

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and EducationMobile Health and mHealth Applications

Cited by 117

New regulatory thinking is needed for AI-based personalised drug and cell therapies in precision oncology

Derraz, B., Breda, G., Kaempf, C., Baenke, F., Cotte, F., Reiche, K., Köhl, U., Kather, J. N., Eskenazy, D., & Gilbert, S. (2024) · npj Precision Oncology

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and EducationBiomedical Ethics and Regulation

Cited by 94

ESMO guidance on the use of Large Language Models in Clinical Practice (ELCAP)

Wong, E. Y. T., Verlingue, L., Aldea, M., Franzoi, M. A., Umeton, R., Halabi, S., Harbeck, N., Indini, A., Prelaj, A., Romano, E., et al. (2025) · Annals of Oncology

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and EducationElectronic Health Records Systems

Cited by 44

Overcoming regulatory barriers to the implementation of AI agents in healthcare

Freyer, O., Jayabalan, S., Kather, J. N., & Gilbert, S. (2025) · Nature Medicine

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and EducationHealthcare Regulation

Cited by 31

A Novel Diagnostic Decision Support System for Medical Professionals: Prospective Feasibility Study

Timiliotis, J., Blümke, B., Serfözö, P. D., Gilbert, S., Ondrésik, M., Türk, E., Hirsch, M. C., & Eckstein, J. (2022) · JMIR Formative Research

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and EducationElectronic Health Records Systems

Cited by 13

Assessment of a Digital Symptom Checker Tool's Accuracy in Suggesting Reproductive Health Conditions: Clinical Vignettes Study

Peven, K., Wickham, A. P., Wilks, O., Kaplan, Y. C., Marhol, A., Ahmed, S., Bamford, R., Cunningham, A. C., Prentice, C., Meczner, A., et al. (2023) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth

Mobile Health and mHealth ApplicationsArtificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education

Cited by 9

Innovating global regulatory frameworks for generative AI in medical devices is an urgent priority

Ong, J. C. L., Ning, Y., Liu, M., Ma, Y., Zhao, L., Singh, K., Chang, R. T., Vogel, S., Lim, J. C. W., Tan, I. S. K., et al. (2026) · npj Digital Medicine

Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and EducationHealthcare Regulation

Cited by 7