Why Consider Self-Sampling for Cervical Cancer Screening in Low- and Middle-Income Countries?
Open accessAbstract
Molecular detection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) in genital cells is being widely endorsed as a preferred tool for cervical cancer screening globally. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) where cervical cancer remains a leading killer, HPV testing is an appealing, accessible alternative to traditional cytology (ie, Pap smear) screening that enables women to self-collect specimens. This article examines self-sampling and its suitability as a strategy for cervical cancer prevention in LMICs that would promote equitable access to cervical cancer screening.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
HPV DNA self-sampling is a promising screening method that, when offered to women in low-resource settings, can address barriers that create inequalities in access to cervical cancer screening.
“HPV DNA self-sampling is a promising screening method that, when offered to women in low-resource settings, can address barriers that create inequalities in access to cervical cancer screening.”
From HPV self-sampling for cervical cancer screening: a systematic review of values and preferences (2021) · cites this paper as [97]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 25 · Cited by 20
Research works printed but not linked: 19
- Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394-424.
- Denny L. Control of cancer of the cervix in low-and middle-income countries. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015;22(3):728-733.
- Ronco G, Giorgi-Rossi P, Carozzi F, et al. Efficacy of human papillomavirus testing for the detection of invasive cervical cancers and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol. 2010;11(3):249-257.
- Crosby RA, Hagensee ME, Vanderpool R, et al. Community-based screening for cervical cancer: a feasibility study of rural Appalachian women. Sex Transm Dis. 2015;42(11):607-611.
- Racey CS, Withrow DR, Gesink D. Self-collected HPV testing improves participation in cervical cancer screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Can J Public Health. 2013;104(2):e159-e166.
- Gupta R, Gupta S, Mehrotra R, Sodhani P. Cervical cancer screening in resource-constrained countries: current status and future directions. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2017;18(6):1461-1467.
- Tsu VD, Njama-Meya D, Lim J, Murray M, de Sanjose S. Opportunities and challenges for introducing HPV testing for cervical cancer screening in sub-Saharan Africa. Prev Med. 2018;114:205-208.
- Chernesky M, Hook EW III, Martin DH, et al. Women find it easy and prefer to collect their own vaginal swabs to diagnose Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections. Sex Trans Dis. 2005;32(12):729-733.
- Allen-Leigh B, Uribe-Zuniga P, Leon-Maldonado L, et al. Barriers to HPV self-sampling and cytology among low-income indigenous women in rural areas of a middle-income setting: a qualitative study. BMC Cancer. 2017;17(1):734.
- Chigbu CO, Aniebue U. Why southeastern Nigerian women who are aware of cervical cancer screening do not go for cervical cancer screening. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2011;21(7):1282-1286.
- Polman NJ, Ebisch RMF, Heideman DAM, et al. Performance of human papillomavirus testing on self-collected versus clinician-collected samples for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 2 or worse: a randomised, paired screen-positive, non-inferiority trial. Lancet Oncol. 2019;20(2):229-238.
- Fokom Domgue J, Valea FA. Is it relevant to keep advocating visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid for primary cervical cancer screening in limited-resource settings? J Glob Oncol. 2018;4:1-5.
- Campos NG, Mvundura M, Jeronimo J, Holme F, Vodicka E, Kim JJ. Cost-effectiveness of HPV-based cervical cancer screening in the public health system in Nicaragua. BMJ Open. 2017;7(6):e015048.
- Termrungruanglert W, Khemapech N, Tantitamit T, Sangrajrang S, Havanond P, Laowahutanont P. Cost-effectiveness analysis study of HPV testing as a primary cervical cancer screening in Thailand. Gynecol Oncol Rep. 2017;22:58-63.
- Brandt T, Wubneh SB, Handebo S, et al. Genital self-sampling for HPV-based cervical cancer screening: a qualitative study of preferences and barriers in rural Ethiopia. BMC Public Health. 2019;19(1):1026.
- Hoste G, Vossaert K, Poppe WA. The clinical role of HPV testing in primary and secondary cervical cancer screening. Obstet Gynecol Int. 2013;2013:610373.
- Fokom-Domgue J, Vassilakos P, Petignat P. Is screen-and-treat approach suited for screening and management of precancerous cervical lesions in sub-Saharan Africa? Prev Med. 2014;65:138-140.
- Were E, Nyaberi Z, Buziba N. Perceptions of risk and barriers to cervical cancer screening at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital (MTRH), Eldoret, Kenya. Afr Health Sci. 2011;11(1):58-64.
- Dabash R, Vajpayee J, Jacob M, et al. A strategic assessment of cervical cancer prevention and treatment services in 3 districts of Uttar Pradesh, India. Reprod Health. 2005;2:11.
- Authors
- Defo, V. F., & Domgue, J. F.
- Affiliations
- Université de Yaoundé I (CM)
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
- ORCID
- Joël Fokom Domgue
- Venue
- AMA Journal of Ethics
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2020-02-01
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- E116-125
- ISSN
- 1937-7010 (ISSN-L)
- 2376-6980
- OpenAlex
- W3003972315
- Cited by
- 20
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 1.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- The AMA Journal of Ethic (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Women's cancer prevention and management
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
- Keywords
- cervical cancer screening, self-sampling, HPV testing, low- and middle-income countries, Pap smear, cervical cancer prevention, women's health
- MeSH terms
- Uterine Cervical Neoplasms, Developing Countries, Female, Humans, Self Care, Specimen Handling, Papillomavirus Infections, Early Detection of Cancer
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review