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Risks and Predictors of Readmission for a Mental Disorder During the Postpartum Period
Abstract
CONTEXT: It has been suggested that the risk of inpatient psychiatric readmissions is elevated during the postpartum period. To our knowledge, no prior study has compared mothers and nonmothers to determine whether the risk of readmission differs between these 2 groups of women. OBJECTIVES: To compare mothers and nonmothers to assess whether childbirth increases the risk for psychiatric readmission and to identify predictors of psychiatric readmission during the postpartum period. DESIGN: A population-based cohort study merging data from the Danish Civil Registration System and the Danish Psychiatric Central Register. SETTING: The population of Denmark. PARTICIPANTS: Two partly overlapping study populations included a total of 28 124 women, 10 218 of whom were mothers, who were followed up from January 1, 1973, through June 30, 2005. Main Outcome Measure Readmission rates to psychiatric hospitals during the 12 months after childbirth (first live-born child). RESULTS: The period of highest risk of psychiatric readmission in new mothers was 10 to 19 days post partum (relative risk [RR], 2.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.68-4.37), and the period of lowest risk was during pregnancy (0.54; 0.43-0.69). Childbirth was associated with an increased risk of readmission during the first postpartum month, after which risk for readmission was higher among nonmothers (RR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.31-1.80). A previous diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder was the strongest predictor of readmissions 10 to 19 days post partum (RR, 37.22; 95% CI, 13.58-102.04). In all, 26.9% of mothers with this diagnosis were readmitted within the first postpartum year. CONCLUSIONS: Mothers with mental disorders have lower readmission rates compared with women with mental disorders who do not have children. However, the first month after childbirth is associated with increased risk of psychiatric readmission, and women with a history of bipolar affective disorder are at particular risk of postpartum psychiatric readmissions.
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“Women are vulnerable to affective psychoses after birth more than at any other time during their lives [28].”
From Perinatal mental illness: Definition, description and aetiology (2014) · cites this paper as [28]
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Postpartum psychiatric disorders
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Self-citationEpisodes of Mood Disorders in 2,252 Pregnancies and Postpartum Periods
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“Risk of psychiatric hospitalization is significantly greater in the postpartum period for patients with bipolar disorder than at any other points in their lives (58).”
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“Although some studies have reported lower prevalence of new onset and recurrence of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder in pregnancy (Munk-Olsen et al., 2006, 2009) other studies, at least for bipolar disorder, have reported very high prevalence of recurrence (e.g. 85”
BackgroundResultInfluentialPerinatal Episodes Across the Mood Disorder Spectrum
Florio, A. D., Forty, L., Gordon‐Smith, K., Heron, J., Jones, L. A., Craddock, N. J., & Jones, I. R. (2012) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.279 · Cited by 278
“of pregnancies, median (range)b 2 (1-10) 3 (0-9) 3 (1-9)”
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“Additionally, for women with bipolar disorder, the risk of psychiatric hospitalization in the postpartum period is significantly greater than at any other point in their lives (29).”
BackgroundPostpartum Psychosis: Madness, Mania, and Melancholia in Motherhood
Bergink, V., Rasgon, N., & Wisner, K. L. (2016) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16040454 · Cited by 242
“The strongest risk factors for postpartum psychosis are a history of bipolar disorder and/or a history of postpartum psychosis (8, 100).”
BackgroundPrevention of Postpartum Psychosis and Mania in Women at High Risk
Bergink, V., Bouvy, P. F., Vervoort, J., Koorengevel, K. M., Steegers, E. A. P., & Kushner, S. A. (2012) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.11071047 · Cited by 237
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Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, and Management of Mood Disorders in Pregnant and Postpartum Women
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Induced First-Trimester Abortion and Risk of Mental Disorder
Munk‐Olsen, T., Laursen, T. M., Pedersen, C. B., Lidegaard, Ø., & Mortensen, P. B. (2011) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0905882 · Cited by 171
Self-citationAntidepressant treatment for postnatal depression
Molyneaux, E., Howard, L. M., McGeown, H. R., Karia, A. M., & Trevillion, K. (2014) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002018.pub2 · Cited by 171
Psychiatric Disorders With Postpartum Onset
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“The results of this study provide further evidence linking childbirth-related episodes and bipolar disorder, building on our previous studies that have demonstrated a strong and specific link.(3-5,20) Despite the strength of this association, the proportion of new postpartum episodes receiving a diagnosis of bipolar d…”
ResultSelf-citationThe HPA Axis During the Perinatal Period: Implications for Perinatal Depression
Dickens, M. J., & Pawluski, J. L. (2018) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2018-00677 · Cited by 148
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Suicides during pregnancy and 1 year postpartum in Sweden, 1980–2007
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Bipolar disorder in pregnancy and childbirth: a systematic review of outcomes
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“Munk-Olsen 2009 [72] S To compare mothers and nonmothers to assess whether childbirth increases the risk for psych-iatric readmission and to identify pre-dictors of psychiatric readmission during the first 12 months postpartum.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialUse of psychotropic drugs during pregnancy and breast‐feeding
Larsen, E. R., Damkier, P., Pedersen, L. H., Fenger‐Grøn, J., Mikkelsen, R. L., Nielsen, R. E., Linde, V., Knudsen, H. E. D., Skaarup, L., & Videbech, P. (2015) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/acps.12479 · Cited by 128
“The greatest risk of hospitalization was 10–19 days after the birth (76).”
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The long-term psychiatric and medical prognosis of perinatal mental illness
Meltzer-Brody, S. E., & Stuebe, A. M. (2013) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2013.08.009 · Cited by 124
“[49,50] have documented that childbirth has a critically important influence on the onset and course of bipolar affective disorder.”
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“This is surprising as women are at particular risk for experiencing psychiatric symptoms following childbirth, especially women with preexisting psychiatric disorders (Dietz et al. 2007; Evens et al. 2001; Heron et al. 2005; Munk-Olsen et al. 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialChildbirth and mental disorders
Leight, K. L., Fitelson, E. M., Weston, C. A., & Wisner, K. L. (2010) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540261.2010.514600 · Cited by 124
“Furthermore, 26.9% of women with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder had psychiatric readmission in the first year postpartum, compared to 15.7% for women with schizophrenia-like disorders (Munk-Olsen et al., 2009).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialHypertensive disorders of pregnancy and postpartum readmission in the United States
Mogos, M. F., Salemi, J. L., Spooner, K. K., McFarlin, B. L., & Salihu, H. (2017) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000001594 · Cited by 111
Antidepressant treatment for postnatal depression
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“Munk-Olsen 2009 Munk-Olsen T, Laursen TM, Mendelson T, Pedersen CB, Mors O, Mortensen PB. Risks and predictors of readmission for a mental disorder during the postpartum period.”
BackgroundBergink, V., Laursen, T. M., Johannsen, B. M. W., Kushner, S. A., Meltzer-Brody, S. E., & Munk‐Olsen, T. (2015) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291715001385 · Cited by 106
“Several studies have demonstrated an increased risk during the first months after delivery for the onset of these episodes, compared with the risk of occurrence outside the postpartum period (Kendell et al. 1987; Munk-Olsen et al. 2006, 2009).”
BackgroundSelf-citationInflaming sex differences in mood disorders
Rainville, J. R., & Hodes, G. E. (2018) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-018-0124-7 · Cited by 112
Optimizing the treatment of mood disorders in the perinatal period
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Sex differences in depression during pregnancy and the postpartum period
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“, 2006), it seems to protect against the most severe forms of depression, such as suicide and hospitalization (Munk-Olsen et al., 2009; Esscher et al., 2015).”
BackgroundPsychiatric Emergencies in Pregnancy and Postpartum
Rodriguez-Cabezas, L., & Clark, C. T. (2018) · Clinical Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1097/grf.0000000000000377 · Cited by 100
Phenomenology, Epidemiology and Aetiology of Postpartum Psychosis: A Review
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“recurrence of bipolar disorder in the postpartum period is especially high, being 37 times more likely than in women who had never given birth [23].”
BackgroundScreening for bipolar disorder during pregnancy and the postpartum period
Chessick, C. A., & Dimidjian, S. (2010) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-010-0151-9 · Cited by 89
Gender differences in antipsychotic prescribing
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“(Harlow et al., 2007; Munk-Olsen et al., 2009; Valdimarsdóttir et al., 2009).”
Second-Generation Antipsychotics During the Lactation Period
Uğuz, F. (2016) · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1097/jcp.0000000000000491 · Cited by 83
Creeley, C. E., & Denton, L. K. (2019) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci9090235 · Cited by 78
“• Bipolar I and II • Bipolar NOS • Cyclothymia 3–7% [7] 25 years 25–30% of pregnant women experience episodes [22,42] • low birthweight, size at birth, preterm birth [25,26] • risk of cesarean birth, small head circumference, hypoglycemia [26] • risk for long-term neurocognitive, behavioral and social deficits [27–29]…”
BackgroundA New Safety Scoring System for the Use of Psychotropic Drugs During Lactation
Uğuz, F. (2018) · American Journal of Therapeutics · doi:10.1097/mjt.0000000000000909 · Cited by 78
Psychotropics in pregnancy: Safety and other considerations
Oyebode, F., Rastogi, A., Berrisford, G. S., & Coccia, F. (2012) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.03.008 · Cited by 77
“In addition, there is evidence of postpartum recurrence,with childbirth acting as the trigger, of bipolar disorder (Harlow et al., 2007; Munk-Olsen et al., 2009) and of strong continuities between puerperal illnesses and non-puerperal illnesses (Robling et al., 2000).”
BackgroundPharmacotherapy of postpartum depression: an update
Kim, D. R., Epperson, C. N., Weiss, A. R., & Wisner, K. L. (2014) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.2014.911842 · Cited by 80
“However, the continued restriction to 4 weeks postpartum is not in line with recent data suggesting that risk increases through [13,79] 3 -- 5 months postpartum.”
Frey, B. N., & Dias, R. D. S. (2013) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12151 · Cited by 78
“In fact, diagnosis of BD is the best predictor for psychiatric readmission within the first three weeks postpartum (22).”
BackgroundStratification of the risk of bipolar disorder recurrences in pregnancy and postpartum
Florio, A. D., Gordon‐Smith, K., Forty, L., Kosorok, M. R., Fraser, C., Perry, A., Bethell, A., Craddock, N. J., Jones, L. A., & Jones, I. D. (2018) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.2018.92 · Cited by 72
Women's views and experiences of having their mental health needs considered in the perinatal period
Nagle, U., & Farrelly, M. (2018) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2018.07.015 · Cited by 72
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“Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) V criteria use 4 weeks,(22) but it is recognised that this has limitations and may be too narrow, especially in relation to diagnosis of depressive episodes.(23) We chose 6 weeks because it is the obstetric definition of the postpartum period, it is used by W…”
MethodMental disorder in pregnancy and the early postpartum
Cantwell, R. (2021) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.15424 · Cited by 63
“Women with prior schizophrenia demonstrate a greater attrition into illness over the course of the first postnatal year, but in a more gradual fashion, when compared with the typically dramatic early onset presentations in bipolar disorder [20].”
ResultPrevalence and risk factors for postpartum depression in Sri Lanka: A population-based study
Fan, Q., Long, Q., Silva, V. D., Gunarathna, N., Jayathilaka, U., Dabrera, T. M. E., Lynn, H., & Østbye, T. (2019) · Asian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ajp.2019.101855 · Cited by 77
Bipolar Disorder Differences between Genders: Special Considerations for Women
Vega, P., Barbeito, S., de Azúa, S. R., Martínez‐Cengotitabengoa, M., González–Ortega, I., Sáenz-Herrero, M., & González-Pinto, A. M. (2011) · Women s Health · doi:10.2217/whe.11.71 · Cited by 59
“During the first month after childbirth, there is an increased risk of psychiatric readmission in women with bipolar disorder; however, in the subsequent postpartum period, nonmothers with mental disorders have higher readmission rates than mothers with mental disorders [82].”
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The course of bipolar disorder
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Mortensen, P. B., Pedersen, C. B., McGrath, J. J., HOUGAARD, D. M., Nørgaard‐Petersen, B., Mors, O. N., Børglum, A. D., & Yolken, R. H. (2011) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2011.00962.x · Cited by 55
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Postpartum Depression: Diagnostic and Treatment Issues
Sharma, V., & Sharma, P. (2012) · Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada · doi:10.1016/s1701-2163(16)35240-9 · Cited by 57
Mota, N. P., Chartier, M., Ekuma, O., Nie, Y., Hensel, J. M., MacWilliam, L., McDougall, C., Vigod, S. N., & Bolton, J. M. (2019) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743719838784 · Cited by 55
Mood stabilizers during breastfeeding: a systematic review of the recent literature
Uğuz, F., & Sharma, V. (2016) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12398 · Cited by 50
Emergency Department Care in the Postpartum Period
Batra, P., Fridman, M., Leng, M., & Gregory, K. D. (2017) · Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000002269 · Cited by 49
Munk‐Olsen, T., Gasse, C., & Laursen, T. M. (2011) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01784.x · Cited by 48
“sion is that new mothers and especially pregnant women constitute a healthy and selected segment of the population with lower levels of treated mental disorders, results that has also been found in the previous studies by our group (7, 30).”
ResultSelf-citationThe classification of perinatal mood disorders—suggestions for DSMV and ICD11
Jones, I. R., & Cantwell, R. (2010) · Archives of Women s Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s00737-009-0122-1 · Cited by 48
“A previous history of admission with bipolar disorder was associated with an even larger increased risk of admission following pregnancy (RR=37.22, 95% CI’s 13.58–102.4) (Munk-Olsen et al. 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialLeveraging research into sex differences and steroid hormones to improve brain health
Lee, B. H., Eid, R. S., Hodges, T. E., Barth, C., & Galea, L. A. M. (2024) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-024-01061-0 · Cited by 48
“Notably, the postpartum period is a time of elevated risk for new-onset depression in female individuals 112 .”
Munk‐Olsen, T. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.153 · Cited by 46
“In contrast, childbirth was associated with a marked increased risk of readmission restricted to the first postpartum month, and readmission risks post partum were especially increased in women with bipolar affective disorders and schizophrenialike disorders; this finding was shown in a previous study.(15) Risk of rea…”
MethodResultSelf-citationCarroll, M., Downes, C., Gill, A., Monahan, M., Nagle, U., Madden, D., & Higgins, A. (2018) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2018.05.006 · Cited by 46
Screening for postpartum bipolar disorder: Validation of the Mood Disorder Questionnaire
Sharma, V., & Xie, B. (2011) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2010.11.026 · Cited by 45
“…postpartum depression is typically used to denote an episode of major depressive disorder; however, the postpartum period is also a time of high risk for the occurrence of mood episodes in the context of bipolar disorder (Kadrmas et al., 1979; Hunt and Silverstone, 1995; Munk-Olsen et al., 2009).”
BackgroundPredictors of severe relapse in pregnant women with psychotic or bipolar disorders
Taylor, C. L., Broadbent, M. T. M., Khondoker, M. R., Stewart, R. J., & Howard, L. M. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.06.019 · Cited by 44
Frøkjær, V. G., Erritzøe, D., Juul, A., Nielsen, F. Å., Holst, K. K., Svarer, C., Madsen, J., Paulson, O. B., & Knudsen, G. M. (2010) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.03.002 · Cited by 44
Birth order and postpartum psychiatric disorders
Munk‐Olsen, T., Jones, I. R., & Laursen, T. M. (2013) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12145 · Cited by 43
“22) (13), and immediate onset and admission to a psychiatric hospital within the first month after delivery significantly predicts conversion to a diagnosis of bipolar disorder over time (6), suggesting that misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder in the postpartum period may be fairly common (28).”
BackgroundSelf-citationVigod, S. N., Sultana, A., Fung, K., Hussain‐Shamsy, N., & Dennis, C. (2016) · The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0706743716645285 · Cited by 38
Higgins, A., Downes, C., Carroll, M., Gill, A., & Monahan, M. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.13986 · Cited by 42
“Evidence indicates that women with a prior history of psychosis (schizophrenia/previous postpartum psychosis) (Munk-Olsen et al., 2009) or women with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, especially those who discontinue psychotropic treatment or stop medication abruptly (Viguera et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialWesseloo, R., Liu, X., Clark, C. T., Kushner, S. A., Munk‐Olsen, T., & Bergink, V. (2017) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.070 · Cited by 41
Self-citationGenetic risk scores for major psychiatric disorders and the risk of postpartum psychiatric disorders
Bauer, A. E., Liu, X., Byrne, E. M., Sullivan, P. F., Wray, N. R., Agerbo, E., Nyegaard, M., Grove, J., Musliner, K. L., Ingstrup, K. G., et al. (2019) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-019-0629-9 · Cited by 42
Self-citationPsychiatric illness and pregnancy: A literature review
Abdelhafez, M. M., Ahmed, K. A., Ahmed, N. M., Ismail, M., Daud, M. N. M., Pang, N. T. P., Eldiasty, A., Amri, M. F., Jeffree, M. S., Kadir, F. B. M., et al. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20958 · Cited by 43
“This is in contrast to the frequently spectacular early-onset presentations of bipolar disorder [30].”
ResultMood symptoms in pregnant and postpartum women with bipolar disorder: a naturalistic study
Driscoll, K. E., Sit, D. K. Y., Moses‐Kolko, E. L., Pinheiro, E. A., Yang, A., Ciolino, J. D., Eng, H. F., Luther, J. F., Clark, C. T., Wisniewski, S. R., et al. (2017) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12500 · Cited by 39
Positive screening and risk factors for postpartum depression
Palumbo, G., Mirabella, F., & Gigantesco, A. (2016) · European Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.11.009 · Cited by 39
Anke, T. M. S., Slinning, K., Moe, V., Brunborg, C., Siqveland, T. S., & Skjelstad, D. V. (2019) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-019-2275-4 · Cited by 40
Treatment of bipolar disorders during pregnancy: maternal and fetal safety and challenges
EPSTEIN, R. A., Moore, K. M., & Bobo, W. V. (2014) · Drug Healthcare and Patient Safety · doi:10.2147/dhps.s50556 · Cited by 38
“Large increases in rates of psychiatric hospitalization within the first few weeks postpartum have also been observed in cohorts of women with bipolar disorder diagnoses.(36,37,41,42) Bipolar women have at least a one in four risk of suffering a severe recurrence following delivery, including perhaps an even higher ri…”
Bipolar II disorder as a risk factor for postpartum depression
Mandelli, L., Souery, D., Bartova, L., Kasper, S. F., Montgomery, S., Zohar, J., Mendlewicz, J., & Serretti, A. (2016) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.06.025 · Cited by 41
Andersson, A., Garcia‐Argibay, M., Viktorin, A., Ghirardi, L., Butwicka, A., Skoglund, C. B., Madsen, K. B., D'Onofrio, B. M., Lichtenstein, P., Tuvblad, C., et al. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.069 · Cited by 39
Higgins, A., Tuohy, T., Murphy, R., & Begley, C. (2016) · Midwifery · doi:10.1016/j.midw.2016.02.023 · Cited by 42
“Women with a diagnosis of schizophrenia are at an increased risk of psychosis (MunkOlsen et al., 2006, Munk-Olsen et al., 2009), whilst women with a history of depression are also at an increased risk of its recurrence, continuation, or exacerbation (NICE, 2014).”
BackgroundBauer, A. E., Mægbæk, M. L., Liu, X., Wray, N. R., Sullivan, P. F., Miller, W. C., Meltzer-Brody, S. E., & Munk‐Olsen, T. (2018) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2018.17111184 · Cited by 39
“There is evidence that etiology of postpartum psychiatric disorders may differ by time of symptom onset (2,31,32,43), and that the first few weeks after childbirth may be the most biologically vulnerable time point (30,31).”
BackgroundSelf-citationRelapse in the first three months postpartum in women with history of serious mental illness
Taylor, C. L., Stewart, R. J., & Howard, L. M. (2018) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2018.07.037 · Cited by 40
“The first few weeks postpartum are the time of highest risk (Munk-Olsen et al., 2009)and”
The peripartum human brain: Current understanding and future perspectives
Sacher, J., Chechko, N., Dannlowski, U., Walter, M., & Derntl, B. (2020) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2020.100859 · Cited by 36
Reilly, N. M., Harris, S., Loxton, D. J., Chojenta, C., Forder, P., Milgrom, J., & Austin, M. (2013) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-13-632 · Cited by 39
“Disappointingly, however, rates decreased markedly for reported assessment of mental health history – one the most predictive factors for perinatal relapse [31-34] – and for assessment of domestic violence or abuse, despite experience of violence and abuse being associated with serious health consequences, including p…”
BackgroundMunk‐Olsen, T., & Agerbo, E. (2014) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/ede.0000000000000193 · Cited by 38
Self-citationFlorio, A. D., Smith, S., & Jones, I. R. (2013) · The Obstetrician & Gynaecologist · doi:10.1111/tog.12041 · Cited by 35
Postpartum psychosis: A proposed treatment algorithm
Jairaj, C., Seneviratne, G., Bergink, V., Sommer, I. E., & Dazzan, P. (2023) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/02698811231181573 · Cited by 44
“The strongest risk factors for developing PPP are a history of bipolar disorder and/or past episodes of PPP (Di Florio et al., 2018; Jones and Craddock, 2001; Munk-Olsen et al., 2009; Viguera et al., 2011).”
BackgroundDisrupted Spontaneous Neural Activity Related to Cognitive Impairment in Postpartum Women
Zheng, J.-X., Chen, Y., Chen, H., Jiang, L., Bo, F., Feng, Y., Tang, W., Yin, X., & Gu, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00624 · Cited by 31
“…fMRI, spontaneous activity INTRODUCTION Postpartum women experience a multitude of physical and environmental changes and are at risk of developing worsening of underlying affective disorders (Munk-Olsen et al., 2009, 2012; Agrati and Lonstein, 2016; Esscher et al., 2016; Gingnell et al., 2017).”
BackgroundClinical Lactation Studies of Lithium: A Systematic Review
Imaz, M. L., Torra, M., Soy, D., García-Esteve, L., & Martín‐Santos, R. (2019) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01005 · Cited by 31
Florio, A. D., Yang, J. M. K., Crawford, K., Bergink, V., Leonenko, G., Pardiñas, A. F., Escott‐Price, V., Gordon‐Smith, K., Owen, M. J., Craddock, N. J., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(21)00253-4 · Cited by 35
Dudek, D., Jaeschke, R. R., Siwek, M., Mączka, G., Topór‐Mądry, R., & RYBAKOWSKI, J. K. (2013) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2013.10.013 · Cited by 33
“According to Rowe et al. (2008), over 50% of the positive EPDS scores represent various expressions of ‘non-MDD’ postnatal distress (fatigue, anxiety, adjustment disorder, or minor depressive disorder), while Mangelli et al.”
BackgroundEmergency department use among postpartum women with mental health disorders
Pluym, I. D., Holliman, K., Afshar, Y., Lee, C. C., Richards, M., Han, C. S., Krakow, D., & Rao, R. (2020) · American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM · doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100269 · Cited by 33
Perry, A., Gordon‐Smith, K., Florio, A. D., Craddock, N. J., Jones, L. A., & Jones, I. R. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.067 · Cited by 31
“Risk of postpartum psychosis is strikingly elevated among women with BD, compared to the general population (1-2 in every 1000 deliveries) (VanderKruik et al., 2017) but also to other psychiatric disorders (Munk-Olsen et al., 2009).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialAssessment and treatment of bipolar II postpartum depression: A review
Sharma, V., Burt, V. K., & Ritchie, H. L. (2009) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2009.09.014 · Cited by 30
Walker, A. L., de Rooij, S. R., Dimitrova, M., Witteveen, A. B., Verhoeven, C. J. M., de Jonge, A., Vrijkotte, T. G. M., & Henrichs, J. (2021) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152239 · Cited by 37
The Relationship Between Bipolar Disorder, Seasonality, and Premenstrual Symptoms
Kim, D. R., Czarkowski, K. A., & Epperson, C. N. (2011) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-011-0233-z · Cited by 28
Bipolar disorder, miscarriage, and termination
Florio, A. D., Jones, L. A., Forty, L., Gordon‐Smith, K., Craddock, N. J., & Jones, I. R. (2014) · Bipolar Disorders · doi:10.1111/bdi.12217 · Cited by 26
Gordon‐Smith, K., Perry, A., Florio, A. D., Forty, L., Fraser, C., Dias, M. C., Warne, N., MacDonald, T., Craddock, N. J., Jones, L. A., et al. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112748 · Cited by 26
“The risk of admission in the postpartum is significantly greater for women with bipolar disorder than at any other point in their lives (Munk-Olsen et al., 2009).”
BackgroundPostpartum depression: bipolar or unipolar? Analysis of 434 Polish postpartum women
Jaeschke, R. R., Dudek, D., Topór‐Mądry, R., Drozdowicz, K., Datka, W., Siwek, M., & RYBAKOWSKI, J. K. (2016) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/1516-4446-2016-1983 · Cited by 27
Metadata
- Authors
- Munk-Olsen, T., Laursen, T. M., Mendelson, T., Pedersen, C. B., Mors, O., & Mortensen, P. B.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2009-02-01
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 189
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2066961699
- Cited by
- 299
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 20 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 18.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Maternal Mental Health During Pregnancy and Postpartum
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Maternal and Neonatal Healthcare
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Obstetrics and Gynecology › Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Keywords
- postpartum period, psychiatric readmission, maternal mental illness, bipolar disorder, childbirth, predictors of readmission, pregnancy, psychiatric hospitalization
- MeSH terms
- Adjustment Disorders, Adult, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Mental Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Cross-Sectional Studies, Denmark, Female, Hospitals, Psychiatric, Humans, Patient Readmission, Personality Disorders, Pregnancy, Puerperal Disorders, Recurrence, Risk, Schizophrenia, Cohort Studies, Incidence, Depression, Postpartum, Substance-Related Disorders
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