Gene-Environment Interactions: Biologically Valid Pathway or Artifact?
Abstract
JAMA Interaction Between the Serotonin Transporter Gene (5-HTTLPR), Stressful Life Events, and Risk of Depression: A Meta-analysis Neil Risch, PhD; Richard Herrell, PhD; Thomas Lehner, PhD; Kung-Yee Liang, PhD; Lindon Eaves, PhD; Josephine Hoh, PhD; Andrea Griem, BS; Marika Kovacs, PhD; Jurg Ott, PhD; Kathleen Ries Merikangas, PhD Context: Substantial resources are being devoted to identify candidate genes for complex mental and behavioral disorders through inclusion of environmental exposures following the report of an interaction between the serotonin transporter linked polymorphic region ( 5-HTTLPR ) and stressful life events on an increased risk of major depression. Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis of the interaction between the serotonin transporter gene and stressful life events on depression using both published data and individual-level original data. Data Sources: Search of PubMed, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases through March 2009 yielded 26 studies of which 14 met criteria for the meta-analysis. Study Selection: Criteria for studies for the meta-analyses included published data on the association between 5-HTTLPR genotype (SS, SL, or LL), number of stressful life events (0, 1, 2, 3) or equivalent, and a categorical measure of depression defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition) or the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision (ICD-10) or use of a cut point to define depression from standardiz…
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Individuals may shape or elicit environmental responses, producing gene-environment correlation.
“Another important consideration is that individuals may shape their environments or elicit certain types of responses or stimuli in their environment, resulting in gene–environment correlation (rGE)”
From Gene–environment interactions: early life stress and risk for depressive and anxiety disorders (2011) · cites this paper as Rutter 2009
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References 31 · Cited by 115
- Authors
- Rutter, M., Thapar, A., & Pickles, A.
- Affiliations
- King's College London (GB)
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2009-12-01
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1287
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2094588342
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 8.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- gene-environment interaction, serotonin transporter gene, 5-HTTLPR, life events, major depressive disorder, short allele, depression risk, sex differences, microdata, candidate genes, complex mental disorders, environmental exposure
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