The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Natural History of Insomnia: A Population-Based 3-Year Longitudinal Study
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Despite its high prevalence, little information is available about the natural history of insomnia. The extent to which episodes of insomnia will persist or remit over time is difficult to predict. We examined the natural history of insomnia and describe the most common trajectories over 3 years. METHODS: Three hundred eighty-eight adults (mean [SD] age, 44.8 [13.9] years; 61% women) were selected from a larger population-based sample on the basis of the presence of insomnia at baseline. They completed standardized sleep/insomnia questionnaires at 3 annual follow-up assessments. For each follow-up assessment, participants were classified into 1 of 3 groups (individuals with an insomnia syndrome, individuals with insomnia symptoms, and individuals with good sleep) on the basis of algorithms using standard diagnostic criteria for insomnia. Rates of persistent insomnia, remission, and relapse were computed for each group. RESULTS: Of the study sample, 74% reported insomnia for at least 1 year (2 consecutive assessments) and 46% reported insomnia persisting over the entire 3-year study. The course of insomnia was more likely to be persistent in those with more severe insomnia at baseline (ie, insomnia syndrome) and in women and older adults. Remission rate was 54%; however, 27% of those with remission of insomnia eventually experienced relapse. Individuals with subsyndromal insomnia at baseline were 3 times more likely to remit than worsen to syndrome status, although persistence was the most frequent course in that group as well. CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that insomnia is often a persistent condition, in particular when it reaches the diagnostic threshold for an insomnia disorder.
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In the citing paper
“which indicates that insomnia is a disorder while “poor sleep” is a symptom of underlying physical or mental health problems(137, 138, 140).”
From Sleep: important considerations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease (2016) · cites this paper as [138]
In the citing paper
“There is now evidence to suggest that insomnia often persists following resolution of these ‘primary’ conditions, and that it generally does not spontaneously resolve over time if left untreated [5].”
From Comparative effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia: a systematic review (2012) · cites this paper as [5]
Citations
Cites
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Epidemiology of insomnia: what we know and what we still need to learn
Ohayon, M. M. (2002) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1053/smrv.2002.0186 · Cited by 3,743 · cited 1×
“A PPROXIMATELY 30% OF adults report symptoms of insomnia, and 6% to 10% meet diagnostic criteria for an insomnia disorder.(1-5) Several demographic (eg, female sex and increasing age), medical (eg, pain), and psychological (eg, anxiety and depression) factors have been associated with insomnia,(1-10) and insomnia has…”
BackgroundEpidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. An opportunity for prevention?
Ford, D. E. (1989) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.262.11.1479 · Cited by 2,440
The International Classification of Sleep Disorders: Diagnostic and Coding Manual
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Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders: A longitudinal epidemiological study of young Adults
Breslau, N., Roth, T., Rosenthal, L., & Andreski, P. (1996) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00188-3 · Cited by 1,831
Recommendations for a standard research assessment of insomnia
Buysse, D. J., Ancoli-Israel, S., Edinger, J. D., Lichstein, K. L., & Morin, C. M. (2006) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/29.9.1155 · Cited by 1,206
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Morin, C. M., Belleville, G., Bélanger, L., & Ivers, H. (2011) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/34.5.601 · Cited by 4,620
European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia
Riemann, D., Baglioni, C., Bassetti, C., Bjorvatn, B., Dolenc Groselj, L., Ellis, J. G., Espie, C. A., Garcia‐Borreguero, D., Gjerstad, M., Gonçalves, M., et al. (2017) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/jsr.12594 · Cited by 2,049
Self-citationIrwin, M. R., Olmstead, R., & Carroll, J. E. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.05.014 · Cited by 2,085
Why Sleep Is Important for Health: A Psychoneuroimmunology Perspective
Irwin, M. R. (2015) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115205 · Cited by 1,325
“…about 25% of the population of the United States report insomnia complaints (LeBlanc et al. 2009), and nearly 10% fulfill diagnostic criteria for chronic insomnia (Morin et al. 2006b; Ohayon 1996, 2002), which is persistent for as long as three years in nearly 50% of patients (Morin et al. 2009).”
BackgroundMorin, C. M., & Benca, R. (2012) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(11)60750-2 · Cited by 976
Metadata
- Authors
- Morin, C. M., Bélanger, L., LeBlanc, M., Ivers, H., Savard, J., Espie, C. A., Mérette, C., Baillargeon, L., & Grégoire, J.-P.
- Affiliations
- Université Laval (CA)
- Southern General Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Morin, Charles M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Archives of Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2009-03-09
- Volume
- 169
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 447
- ISSN
- 0003-9926 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2163354325
- Cited by
- 498
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 21 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 26.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Corpus Université Laval (Université Laval) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- insomnia, natural history (disease), insomnia symptoms, remission, relapse, persistence, sleep disorders, sex differences, age differences
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Recurrence, Remission, Spontaneous, Risk Factors, Prevalence, Disease Progression
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