The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cognitive Function Over Time in the Alzheimer's Disease Anti-inflammatory Prevention Trial (ADAPT): Results of a Randomized, Controlled Trial of Naproxen and Celecoxib
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Observational studies have shown reduced risk of Alzheimer dementia in users of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of naproxen sodium and celecoxib on cognitive function in older adults. DESIGN: Randomized, double-masked chemoprevention trial. SETTING: Six US memory clinics. PARTICIPANTS: Men and women aged 70 years and older with a family history of Alzheimer disease; 2117 of 2528 enrolled had follow-up cognitive assessment. INTERVENTIONS: Celecoxib (200 mg twice daily), naproxen sodium (220 mg twice daily), or placebo, randomly allocated in a ratio of 1:1:1.5, respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Seven tests of cognitive function and a global summary score measured annually. RESULTS: Longitudinal analyses showed lower global summary scores over time for naproxen compared with placebo (- 0.05 SDs; P = .02) and lower scores on the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination over time for both treatment groups compared with placebo (- 0.33 points for celecoxib [P = .04] and - 0.36 points for naproxen [P = .02]). Restriction of analyses to measures collected from persons without dementia attenuated the treatment group differences. Analyses limited to measures obtained while participants were being issued study drugs produced results similar to the intention-to-treat analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Use of naproxen or celecoxib did not improve cognitive function. There was weak evidence for a detrimental effect of naproxen.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Considering the failure of prospective studies with NSAID treatment (111), the beneficial effects of NSAIDs is presumed to be related to pre-morbid function.”
From The Inflammatory Continuum of Traumatic Brain Injury and Alzheimer’s Disease (2018) · cites this paper as [111]
In the citing paper
“long-term, large-scale population trials on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for AD treatment have shown that ibuprofen may have a protective effect on AD,509 while other NSAIDs seemingly do not.510”
From Antiageing strategy for neurodegenerative diseases: from mechanisms to clinical advances (2025) · cites this paper as [510]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A subset of NSAIDs lower amyloidogenic Aβ42 independently of cyclooxygenase activity
Weggen, S., Eriksen, J. L., Das, P., Sagi, S. A., Wang, R., Pietrzik, C. U., Findlay, K. A., Smith, T. E., Murphy, M. P., Bulter, T., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35102591 · Cited by 1,388
Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Disease—A Double-Edged Sword
Wyss-Coray, T., & Mucke, L. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00794-8 · Cited by 1,235
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs and the Risk of Alzheimer's Disease
in 't Veld, B. A., Ruitenberg, A., Hofman, A., Launer, L. J., van Duijn, C. M., Stijnen, T., Breteler, M. M. B., & Stricker, B. H. C. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa010178 · Cited by 1,196
Clinical trial of indomethacin in Alzheimer's disease
Rogers, J., Kirby, L., Hempelman, S. R., Berry, D. A., McGeer, P. L., Kaszniak, A. W., Zalinski, J., Cofield, M., Mansukhani, L., Willson, P., et al. (1993) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.43.8.1609 · Cited by 991
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for the Prevention of Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review
Szekely, C. A., Thorne, J. E., Zandi, P. P., Ek, M., Messias, E., Breitner, J. C. S., & Goodman, S. N. (2004) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000078501 · Cited by 402
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Study of Rofecoxib in Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment
on behalf of the Rofecoxib Protocol 078 study group, Thal, L. J., Ferris, S. H., Kirby, L., Block, G. A., Lines, C. R., Yuen, E., Assaid, C., Nessly, M. L., Norman, B. A., et al. (2005) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300690 · Cited by 402
A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of diclofenac/misoprostol in Alzheimer’s disease
Scharf, S., Mander, A. G., Ugoni, A., Vajda, F. J. E., & Christophidis, N. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.53.1.197 · Cited by 385
Reines, S. A., Block, G. A., Morris, J. C., Liu, G., Nessly, M. L., Lines, C. R., Norman, B., & Baranak, C. C. (2004) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.62.1.66 · Cited by 384
Naproxen and celecoxib do not prevent AD in early results from a randomized controlled trial
ADAPT Research Group (2007) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000260269.93245.d2 · Cited by 354
Self-citationReduced incidence of AD with NSAID but not H2receptor antagonists
Zandi, P. P., Anthony, J. C., Hayden, K. M., Mehta, K. M., Mayer, L. S., & Breitner, J. C. S. (2002) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.59.6.880 · Cited by 317
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Reines SA, Block GA, Morris JC, et al. Rofecoxib: no effect on Alzheimer's disease in a 1-year, randomized, blinded, controlled study. Neurology. 2004;62(1):66-71.
- Sainati S, Ingram D, Talwalker S, Geis G. Results of a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study of celecoxib in the treatment of progression of Alzhei- mer's disease. Presented at: The Sixth International Stockholm-Springfield Symposium of Advances in Alzheimer's Therapy; April 5-8, 2000; Stockholm, Sweden.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Glutamate neurotoxicity and diseases of the nervous system
Choi, D. W. (1988) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/0896-6273(88)90162-6 · Cited by 8,188
Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease
Heneka, M. T., Carson, M. J., Khoury, J. E., Landreth, G. E., Brosseron, F., Feinstein, D. L., Jacobs, A. H., Wyss-Coray, T., Vitorica, J., Ransohoff, R. M., et al. (2015) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(15)70016-5 · Cited by 6,226
Dementia prevention, intervention, and care
Livingston, G., Sommerlad, A., Orgeta, V., Costafreda, S. G., Huntley, J., Ames, D., Ballard, C., Banerjee, S., Burns, A., Cohen-Mansfield, J., et al. (2017) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(17)31363-6 · Cited by 6,072
Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty
Ferrucci, L., & Fabbri, E. (2018) · Nature Reviews Cardiology · doi:10.1038/s41569-018-0064-2 · Cited by 3,690
Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders: the roles of microglia and astrocytes
Kwon, H. S., & Koh, S.-H. (2020) · Translational Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s40035-020-00221-2 · Cited by 2,595
Metadata
- Authors
- ADAPT Research Group*
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- ADAPT Research Group*
- Venue
- Archives of Neurology
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2008-07-01
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 896
- ISSN
- 0003-9942 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2925195
- OpenAlex
- W1607135210
- Cited by
- 387
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 28.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Archives of Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Abbott Laboratories
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- Eli Lilly and Company
- Pfizer
- AstraZeneca
- GlaxoSmithKline
- Sanofi
- Eisai
- National Institute on Aging (U01AG015477, U01-AG15477)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, cognitive function, naproxen, celecoxib, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, chemoprevention, dementia prevention, older adults, cognitive decline, ADAPT trial
- MeSH terms
- Celecoxib, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Alzheimer Disease, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Double-Blind Method, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Naproxen, Pyrazoles, Sulfonamides, Time Factors, Treatment Outcome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
