Cited by 490Retinal Diseases and TreatmentsRetinal Imaging and AnalysisOcular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome

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Risk Factors for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

·1992·Archives of Ophthalmology

DOI 10.1001/archopht.1992.01080240041025

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Abstract

Neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of five retinal disorders studied in the Eye Disease Case-Control Study. Data were obtained from 421 patients with neovascular AMD and 615 controls on a broad array of possible risk factors through interviews, clinical examinations, and laboratory analyses of blood samples. Decreased risk of neovascular AMD was associated with higher levels of carotenoids in the serum samples, higher horizontal cup-to-disc ratios, and use of postmenopausal exogenous estrogens in women. Increased risk of neovascular AMD was associated with cigarette smoking, higher levels of serum cholesterol, and parity greater than zero. No support was found for sunlight exposure, serum zinc levels, or iris color as risk factors for this disease. Although no association was found with a history of cardiovascular disease itself, the associations with postmenopausal exogenous estrogen use, cigarette smoking, and serum cholesterol level are consistent with a hypothesis linking risk factors for cardiovascular disease with neovascular AMD. The association noted between serum carotenoid levels and neovascular AMD supports the hypothesis that higher levels of micronutrients with antioxidant capabilities may decrease the risk of AMD.

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Venue: Archives of Ophthalmology
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 1992-12-01
Volume: 110
Issue: 12
Pages: 1701
ISSN: 0003-9950 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/archopht.1992.01080240041025
OpenAlex: W4230439113
Cited by: 486
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 13
FWCI: 9.84
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Archives of Ophthalmology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Eye Institute (N01-EY-5-2111, N01-EY-5-2109, N01-EY-5-2110)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Ocular Diseases and Behçet’s Syndrome
Keywords: neovascular age-related macular degeneration, risk factors, carotenoids, serum cholesterol, cigarette smoking, postmenopausal estrogen therapy, parity, cup-to-disc ratio, sun exposure, zinc, iris color, cardiovascular disease, antioxidants, micronutrients
MeSH terms: Age Factors, Aged, Aging, Eye Diseases, Female, Humans, Macular Degeneration, Male, Middle Aged, Neovascularization, Pathologic, Regression Analysis, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Odds Ratio, Case-Control Studies

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Risk Factors for Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

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