Removal of Bovine Insulin From Cow's Milk Formula and Early Initiation of Beta-Cell Autoimmunity in the FINDIA Pilot Study
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether weaning to a bovine insulin-free cow's milk formula (CMF) reduces type 1 diabetes mellitus-associated autoantibodies in children at genetic risk. DESIGN Randomized, double-blind pilot trial (Finnish Dietary Intervention Trial for the Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes [FINDIA]). SETTING Three pediatric hospitals in Finland from May 15, 2002, to November 22, 2005. PARTICIPANTS A total of 1113 infants with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes were randomly assigned to receive study infant formulas; 908 children provided at least 1 follow-up blood sample (last follow-up, June 2009). INTERVENTION The CMF (n = 389), whey-based hydrolyzed formula (WHF) (n = 350), or whey-based FINDIA formula essentially free of bovine insulin (n = 365) during the first 6 months of life whenever breast milk was not available. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome was beta-cell autoimmunity monitored at ages 3, 6, and 12 months and then annually until age 3 years. Autoantibodies to insulin, the 65-kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase, and the tyrosine phosphatase-related IA-2 molecule were screened, and islet cell autoantibodies and autoantibodies to zinc transporter 8 were analyzed in infants whose primary screening test results were positive. RESULTS In the intention-to-treat analysis, 6.3% of children in the CMF group, 4.9% of those in the WHF group, and 2.6% of children in the FINDIA group were positive for at least 1 autoantibody by age 3 years. The odds rat…
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Another trial removed bovine insulin from infant formula and reported less progression to the development of one islet autoantibody after 3 years of follow-up compared with infants who received normal cow's milk formula.
“Another trial removed bovine insulin from infant formula and reported less progression (compared with infants who received normal cow's milk formula) to the development of one islet autoantibody after 3 years of follow-up.129”
From Type 1 diabetes (2014) · cites this paper as [129]
No citation lists for this paper
No citation lists for this paper yet — checked again daily.
References 42 · Cited by 127
- Authors
- Vaarala, O., Ilonen, J., Ruohtula, T., Pesola, J., Virtanen, S. M., Härkönen, T., Koski, M., Kallioinen, H., Tossavainen, O., Poussa, T., Järvenpää, A.-L., Komulainen, J., Lounamaa, R., Åkerblom, H. K., & Knip, M.
- Affiliations
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (FI)
- University of Turku (FI)
- University of Eastern Finland (FI)
- University of Helsinki (FI)
- Valio (Finland) (FI)
- Kuopio University Hospital (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Vaarala, Outi
- ORCID
- Venue
- Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2012-07-01
- Volume
- 166
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 608
- ISSN
- 1072-4710 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2101085902
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 6.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- STM:n Hallinnonalan avoin julkaisuarkisto (Julkari) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Diabetes and associated disorders
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Celiac Disease Research and Management
- Keywords
- type 1 diabetes prevention, bovine insulin, cow's milk formula, islet autoimmunity, islet autoantibodies, infant formula, HLA-DQ2, HLA-DQ8, glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies, insulin autoantibodies, zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies, weaning
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
