The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Family Factors in Schizophrenic Relapse: Replication in California of British Research on Expressed Emotion
Abstract
Our study of the emotional atmosphere of the homes of schizophrenic patients in southern California has replicated British findings concerning the influence of the family environment on the course of schizophrenia. As in the British studies, criticism and overinvolvement expressed by a key relative about the patient at the time of the key admission proved to be the best single predictor of symptomatic relapse in the nine months after discharge from the hospital. Replicating the British results, the association between relatives' expressed emotion and relapse was independent of all other variables investigated. Cross-cultural results concerning the prophylactic effects of medication suggest that clinicians should look to the emotional atmosphere in the home for explanations of medication failures.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Influence of Family Life on the Course of Schizophrenic Disorders: A Replication
Brown, G. W., Birley, J. L. T., & Wing, J. K. (1972) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.121.3.241 · Cited by 1,770
Vaughn, C. E., & Leff, J. P. (1976) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.129.2.125 · Cited by 1,666
Self-citationThe Measurement of Expressed Emotion in the Families of Psychiatric Patients
VAUGHN, C., & LEFF, J. (1976) · British Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8260.1976.tb00021.x · Cited by 1,031
Self-citationA Controlled Trial of Social Intervention in the Families of Schizophrenic Patients
Leff, J., Kuipers, L., Berkowitz, R., Eberlein-Vries, R., & Sturgeon, D. (1982) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.141.2.121 · Cited by 869
The Measurement of Family Activities and Relationships: A Methodological Study
Brown, G. W., & Rutter', M. (1966) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/001872676601900301 · Cited by 699
Family Management in the Prevention of Exacerbations of Schizophrenia: A Controlled Study
Falloon, I. R. H., Boyd, J. L., McGill, C. W., Razani, J., Moss, H. B., & Gilderman, A. M. (1982) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198206173062401 · Cited by 683
A standardized psychiatric assessment scale for rating chronic psychotic patients
Krawiecka, M., Goldberg, D., & Vaughan, M. (1977) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1977.tb00174.x · Cited by 677
Influence of Family Life on the Course of Schizophrenic Illness
Brown, G. W., Monck, E. M., Carstairs, G. M., & Wing, J. K. (1962) · Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.16.2.55 · Cited by 579
Family Treatment of Adult Schizophrenic Patients: A Psycho-educational Approach
Anderson, C. M., Hogarty, G. E., & Reiss, D. J. (1980) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/6.3.490 · Cited by 439
Hogarty, G. E. (1979) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1979.01780120013001 · Cited by 365
Cited by
Expressed Emotion and Psychiatric Relapse: A Meta-analysis
Butzlaff, R. L., & Hooley, J. M. (1998) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.6.547 · Cited by 1,310
Schizophrenia: A neural diathesis-stress model.
Walker, E. F., & Diforio, D. (1997) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037//0033-295x.104.4.667 · Cited by 930
A brief method for assessing expressed emotion in relatives of psychiatric patients
Magaña, A. B., Goldstein, M. J., Karno, M., Miklowitz, D. J., Jenkins, J., & Falloon, I. R. H. (1986) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(86)90049-1 · Cited by 819
Hooley, J. M., & Teasdale, J. D. (1989) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.98.3.229 · Cited by 740
Levels of expressed emotion and relapse in depressed patients
Hooley, J. M., Orley, J., & Teasdale, J. D. (1986) · British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.148.6.642 · Cited by 499
Metadata
- Authors
- Vaughn, C. E.
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1984-12-01
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1169
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2020384208
- Cited by
- 434
- References
- 20
- FWCI
- 35.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Family Factors in Schizophrenic Relapse: Replication in California of British Research on Expressed Emotion. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1001/archpsyc.1984.01790230055009
- The paper
- Vaughn, C. E. (1984). Family Factors in Schizophrenic Relapse: Replication in California of British Research on Expressed Emotion. Archives of General Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1984.01790230055009
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
