Cited by 607Statistical Methods in EpidemiologyMeta-analysis and systematic reviewsMental Health Treatment and Access

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 28 of the 28 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The Clinician's Illusion

Cohen, Patricia·1984·Archives of General Psychiatry

DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.1984.01790230064010

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

There are several diseases, including schizophrenia, alcoholism, and opiate addiction, for which the long-term prognosis is subject to disagreement between clinicians and researchers and also among researchers. Part of this disagreement may be attributable to a difference in the populations they sample. The clinician samples the population currently suffering from the disease (a "prevalence" or census sample), while research samples tend to more nearly represent the population ever contracting the disease (an "incidence" sample). The clinician's sample is biased toward cases of long duration, since the probability that a case will appear in a prevalence sample is proportional to its duration, hence "the clinician's illusion." The statistical mechanism of this bias is illustrated and its consequences detailed. Other sources of sampling bias in clinical and research samples are briefly described and partial remedies are suggested.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/archpsyc.1984.01790230064010

Cites

28 of 28 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Judgement under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases
Hirschman, E. C., Kahneman, D. J., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (1983) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3151689 · Cited by 3,813
Epidemiologic Research: Principles and Quantitative Methods.
Mayer, L. S., Kleinbaum, D. G., Kupper, L. L., & Morgenstern, H. (1984) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2288427 · Cited by 2,905
Limitations of the Application of Fourfold Table Analysis to Hospital Data
Berkson, J. (1946) · Biometrics Bulletin · doi:10.2307/3002000 · Cited by 1,810
A case study of graduate admissions: Application of three principles of human decision making.
Dawes, R. M. (1971) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/h0030868 · Cited by 569
Alcoholism and Treatment
Fortin, M. L. (1979) · AJN American Journal of Nursing · doi:10.1097/00000446-197901000-00042 · Cited by 490
Catamnestic Long-term Study on the Course of Life and Aging of Schizophrenics
Ciompi, L., & Clemens, S. L. (1980) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/6.4.606 · Cited by 466
Recidivism and self-cure of smoking and obesity.
Schachter, S. (1982) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.37.4.436 · Cited by 392
Natural History of Male Alcoholism
Vaillant, G. E. (1982) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1982.04290020001001 · Cited by 227
PREVALENCE, INCIDENCE AND DURATION
FREEMAN, J., & HUTCHISON, G. B. (1980) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113043 · Cited by 224
Clinical Research in General Medical Journals
Fletcher, R. H., & Fletcher, S. W. (1979) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm197907263010403 · Cited by 213

Show all 28 references

Sorted by citations

Items 501–600 of 605

Mental disorders and physical activity: Epidemiological analyses using Australian datasets
Suetani, S. (2019) · The University of Queensland · doi:10.14264/uql.2019.592 · Cited by 1
Meeting the Unique Mental Health Assessment and Treatment Needs of Older Adults
Miller, V. J. (2020) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnaa083 · Cited by 1
Traditional Methodology and Outcome Assessment in Studies on the Course of Schizophrenia
Riecher‐Rössler, A. (1999) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-4147-9_30 · Cited by 1
Program Development
Kastan, J. (1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-2421-6_12 · Cited by 1
Clinical predictors in young help-seeking people referred to the Lancashire Early Assessment and Detection Clinic : a service evaluation
Johnson, C. (2013) · Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) · Cited by 1
The geographical dimension:
Thornicroft, G., & Tansella, M. (2008) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511544347.010
Outcome measurement in drug and alcohol services
Teesson, M., & Deady, M. (2010) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511760686.018
Psychiatric symptoms and disorders in old age: prevalence, course and diagnostic thresholds
Sigström, R. (2015) · Gothenburg University Publications Electronic Archive (Gothenburg University)
Developing Skills in Critical Analysis of Literature in the Drug Field
Raven, M. K. (2001) · Drugs Education Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1080/096876301300101942
The well-being of community residents in remission from major depression disorder
Agosti, V. (2012) · International Journal of Mental Health Promotion · doi:10.1080/14623730.2012.731195
13 Veranderbaarheid van persoonlijkheidsstoornissen
Verheul, R. (2009) · Bohn Stafleu van Loghum eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-313-6821-1_13
Mood and Temperament
Markowitz, J. C. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.3.507
Cytokine Gene Polymorphisms Associate with Microbiogical Agents in Periodontal Disease: Our
Mirgaldi, R., Ballini, A., Coscia, M. F., Scacco, S., Inchingolo, F., Dipalma, G., & Vito, D. D. (2014)
Examining the relationship among genes, attention bias to emotion, and depression in youth
Jenness, J. L. (2015) · Digital Commons - DU (University of Denver)
Study of miscibility of liquid mixtures with a critical point: A new experiment for a physical chemistry course
Califano, F., Guram, N., Alexander, L. V. M., & Ahmed, F. (2014) · International Journal of the Physical Sciences · doi:10.5897/ijps2013.3958
and Homeless People in Inner Melbourne
Herrman, H., McGorry, P. D., Bennett, P., van Riel, R., McKenzie, D. P., & SINGH, B. S. (1989)
Language, motor skills and behavior problems in preschool years
Wang, M. V. (2014) · NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives
Chapter 14
Hubert, L. (2012) · Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks · doi:10.1201/b13103-20
Measuring Children's Systems of Care using Anonymous Data Sets: Caseload Overlap, Service System Integration, and Number of Programs per Person
Pandiani, J. A., VanVleck, C., & Banks, S. M. (2006) · Research in community and mental health · doi:10.1016/s0192-0812(06)14007-6
The Effects of a Trauma-Informed Care Training Program on Mental Health Professionals Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes with the SMI
Pelletier, A. (2016) · Digital Commons - PCOM (Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine)
Social Factors and Suicide: Comparing the Regional Concomitants of Eastern European Suicide Mortality over the 20th Century
Mäkinen, I. H. (2015)
Size and burden of mental disorders: A population based perspective
Jacobi, F. (2007) · Qucosa (Saxon State and University Library Dresden)
Veranderbaarheid van persoonlijkheidsstoornissen
Verheul, R. (2007) · Bohn Stafleu van Loghum eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-313-6404-6_12
Clinicians' Perceptions of Challenges and Strategies of Transition from Assertive Community Treatment to Less Intensive Services Molly T. FinnertyJennifer I. ManuelAna Z. Tochterman • Candice StellatoLinda H. FraserCecily A. S. Reber • Hima B. ReddyAngela D. Miracle
Finnerty, M. T., Manuel, J. I., Tochterman, A. Z., Stellato, C., Miracle, A. D., Fraser, L. H., Reber, C. A. S., & Reddy, H. B. (2015)
A social construction of remission for people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia
Ford, K. (2018) · Mental Health and Social Inclusion · doi:10.1108/mhsi-02-2018-0009 · Cited by 1
Secondments for systems change
McElwee, B. (2018) · British Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.12968/bjmh.2018.7.3.105
Introduction
Saunders, E. F. H. (2017) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.17f11922
Outcome
Paris, J. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811421-6.00003-x
A Practical Guide for Designing and Conducting Cognitive Studies in Child Psychopathology
Huang‐Pollock, C. L., Shapiro, Z. R., Galloway-Long, H., & Feldman, J. S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316995808.013
Social Factors in the Personality Disorders : Finding a Niche
Paris, J. (2020)
Santé mentale et processus de rétablissement
Franck, A., Martin, B., & Péneau, E. (2017) · Champ social eBooks · doi:10.3917/chaso.arvei.2017.01.0146
The Problem of Narcissism
Paris, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108867542.009
Psychiatrists’ Perceptions of Schizophrenia and Its Recovery: A Thematic Analysis
Sargent, J., & Abela, A. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-65331-6_2
References
(2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-387002-5.16001-9
Epidemiology
Fendrich, M. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5357-4_2
Antisocial Personality Disorder
Paris, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108867542.010
Finding a Niche
Paris, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108867542.013
Modernity and Personality Disorder
Paris, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108867542.007
Ethical Considerations in Data Collection
Hubert, L. (2012) · Chapman & Hall/CRC eBooks · doi:10.1201/b13103-23
Foreword
Paris, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108867542.001
Preface to the Second Edition
Paris, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108867542.002
Introduction
Paris, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108867542.003
A Biopsychosocial Model of Personality Disorders
Paris, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108867542.012
Social Context and Personality
Paris, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108867542.006
Experimental and Biological Approaches
(2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781316995808.011
The Borderline Pattern
Paris, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108867542.008
Other Personality Disorders
Paris, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108867542.011
Personality Traits and Personality Disorders
Paris, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108867542.005
Veranderbaarheid van persoonlijkheidsstoornissen
Verheul, R. (2017) · Bohn Stafleu van Loghum eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-368-0931-3_14
Clinical characteristics of first-episode schizophrenia
Henry, L. P., McGorry, P. D., Harris, M., & Amminger, G. P. (2009) · Medical psychiatry · doi:10.3109/9781420080063.005
Introduction
Paris, J. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-811421-6.00020-x
Preface by Editors
(2010) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-cp-6-030910-100001
Psychologie et cerveau
Bignami, G. (1990) · Presses Universitaires de France eBooks · doi:10.3917/puf.seron.1990.01.0223
Index
Paris, J. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108867542.014
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Treatment Utilization Among Individuals Served by Multiple Public Agencies in 3 States
Bray, J. W., Davis, K. L., Graver, L., Schroeder, D., Buck, J. A., Dilonardo, J. D., & Vandivort, R. (2005) · The Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research · doi:10.1097/00075484-200507000-00004
References
(2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816179-1.00042-6
What ‘evidence' do people really want and need for their recovery?
Glover, H., & Tran, P. (2022) · RIVISTA SPERIMENTALE DI FRENIATRIA · doi:10.3280/rsf2022-001008
Recovery in severe mental illness: A utopian dream or a goal in need of will?
Mutalik, P., & Tekkalaki, B. V. (2022) · Indian Journal of Health Sciences and Biomedical Research (KLEU) · doi:10.4103/kleuhsj.kleuhsj_398_22
A Clinical Psychologist Who Studies Alcohol
Sher, K. J. (2023) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-080621-045733
Child Maltreatment
Kisely, S. R., Strathearn, L., & Najman, J. M. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-31547-3_72
Comparing stigma between French people experiencing schizophrenia versus bipolar disorders
Villani, M., & Kovess–Masféty, V. (2024) · International Journal of Social Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00207640231223428
Psychiatrization of Society
(2024) · Frontiers research topics · doi:10.3389/978-2-8325-3786-2 · Cited by 1
The Neuroscientist’s Illusion
Ferentzy, A. (2024) · Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1891/ehpp-2023-0021
Expériences infirmières auprès de jeunes présentant un premier épisode psychotique. Une étude phénoménologique descriptive
Monjaret, H., Abbas, V., & Morisset, J. (2024) · Revue Francophone Internationale de Recherche Infirmière · doi:10.1016/j.refiri.2024.100338
A letto senza cena. I danni di una strategia educativa fallace sul comportamento alimentare dei minori
Tognon, C. (2024) · MALTRATTAMENTO E ABUSO ALL INFANZIA · doi:10.3280/mal2024-002006
Antipsychotika
Gründer, G. (2024) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-21199-7.00003-9
Chapter 18. Family Intervention and Support in Early Psychosis
Glynn, S. M. (2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379217.lg18
Chapter 1. Introduction
McGorry, P. D. (2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379217.lg01
Chapter 19. Suicide Risk, Assessment, and Intervention in Early Psychosis
Harkavy‐Friedman, J. (2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379217.lg19
Chapter 14. Substance Use and Early Psychosis
Reed, J. D., & Brunette, M. F. (2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379217.lg14
Chapter 8. Assessment and Targeted Intervention in Individuals at Clinical High Risk for Psychosis
Kelsven, S., & Cadenhead, K. S. (2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379217.lg08
Chapter 13. Psychotherapeutic Interventions for Early Psychosis
Hardy, K. V., Landa, Y., Meyer-Kalos, P., & Mueser, K. T. (2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379217.lg13
Chapter 16. Supported Employment and Education for People in Early Psychosis
Becker, D. R., & Drake, R. E. (2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379217.lg16
Chapter 17. Implementing Peer Support in Early Psychosis Programs
Sage, M., Sale, T. G., Caruso, N., Haines, M., Melton, R. P., & Linfoot, A. (2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379217.lg17
Chapter 10. Assessing and Treating Trauma in Team-Based Early Psychosis Care
Loewy, R. L., Niendam, T. A., & Wadell, P. M. (2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379217.lg10
Chapter 6. Engaging Families and Individuals in Care
Lynch, S. F. L., Jaynes, R. B., & Machar, N. N. (2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379217.lg06
Chapter 23. Special Populations: College and University Students
Hardy, K. V., Ballon, J. S., Chopra, M., & Noordsy, D. L. (2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379217.lg23
Chapter 9. Medical Workup for First-Episode Psychosis
Kalinowski, A., & Ballon, J. S. (2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379217.lg09
Chapter 12. Psychopharmacology for People in Early Psychosis
Zhang, J., & Noordsy, D. L. (2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379217.lg12
Chapter 21. Inpatient Care for Early Psychosis
Qayyum, Z., Sayles, K., Kim, H. J., & van Schalkwyk, G. I. (2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379217.lg21
Front Matter
(2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379217.fm01
Chapter 20. Using Technology to Advance Early Psychosis Intervention
Ben‐Zeev, D., & Buck, B. (2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379217.lg20
Chapter 2. Growth of Early Intervention in Psychosis in the United States
Hardy, K. V., Ballon, J. S., Noordsy, D. L., & Adelsheim, S. N. (2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379217.lg02
Chapter 5. First-Person Accounts of Psychosis and Advocacy Work
Larrauri, C. A., & Garrett, C. (2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379217.lg05
Chapter 7. Assessment of People in the Early Stages of Psychosis
Walsh, B. C. (2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379217.lg07
Chapter 4. Early Intervention and Policy
Rosenblatt, A., & Goldman, H. H. (2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379217.lg04
Chapter 22. Care for Adolescents on the First-Episode Psychosis Continuum
Lenroot, R., & Gibbs, T. A. (2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379217.lg22
Index
(2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379217.index
Chapter 3. Early Detection of Schizophrenia
Ferrara, M., Mathis, W. S., Cahill, J. D., Pollard, J., & Srihari, V. H. (2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379217.lg03
Chapter 11. Intervening Early
Bello, I., Hrouda, D. R., & Dixon, L. B. (2019) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615379217.lg11
Chapter 11. Studies Of Prognosis
(2003) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615377206.lg11
Therapeutic skills in CCPT for school-aged Filipino boys with externalizing problem behaviorsPreprint
Bengwasan, P. D. (2025) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-6630345/v1
Models of Recovery-Oriented Practice & Recovery-Oriented Assessment and Intervention
Hayden‐Evans, M., Tran, P., Oliver, R., Girdler, S. J., & Milbourn, B. T. (2025) · BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS eBooks · doi:10.2174/9789815313710125010022
Clinical decision making and mental health: On challenges in assessment, junk science and social trends
Mandić, D. (2025) · Psiholoska istrazivanja · doi:10.5937/psistra0-59009
Designing and Executing Quantitative Research for Modern Leadership and Organizational Studies: A Pragmatic Framework for Rigor and Impact
Coker, D. C. (2026) · Diversity and inclusion research · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-12536-1_20
The association of short-term variability in suicidal ideation with subsequent suicidal thoughts and behaviours: Longitudinal cohort study
Batterham, P. J., O’Dea, B., Borschmann, R., Calear, A. L., Farrer, L. M., Han, J., Gendi, M., Heffernan, C., & Christensen, H. C. (2026) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2026.105049
Persoonlijk herstel
Boertien, D., & van Weeghel, J. (2021) · Bohn Stafleu van Loghum eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-90-368-2586-3_20
Peer Employment Learning Center (PELC) Pilot Project: From Mental Patient to Peer Support Provider
Ashcraft, L., Blum, P., Cronise, R., Martin, C., Johnson, G., & Karyczak, S. (2026) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-026-01656-z
Patterns of psychopathology and personal strengths among youth in psychiatric care
Cummings, L. R., Noam, G., Nadai, A. S. D., Parker, K., Allen, P. J., Wilner, J. G., Russo, J. M., Delman, L. O., Surendran, A., Arnott, E. G., et al. (2026) · JCPP Advances · doi:10.1002/jcv2.70156
Unraveling the profile of cognitive deficits associated with chronic pain: a meta-analysis and cross-sectional study
Gentile, E., Guglietti, G. V., Haward, B., Borokhovski, E., Plante, I., Fitzcharles, M., Vachon‐Presseau, É., & Roy, M. (2026) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000004085

Authors: Cohen, P.
Affiliations: New York State Psychiatric Institute (US)
Corresponding author: Cohen, Patricia
Venue: Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 1984-12-01
Volume: 41
Issue: 12
Pages: 1178
ISSN: 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1984.01790230064010
OpenAlex: W1978848619
Cited by: 607
References: 28
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 30 · 2019: 41 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 4.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Keywords: sampling bias, disease duration, long-term prognosis, schizophrenia, alcoholism, opioid use disorder, sample selection bias
MeSH terms: Alcoholism, Attitude of Health Personnel, Mental Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Epidemiologic Methods, Humans, Probability, Prognosis, Psychiatry, Research, Sampling Studies, Schizophrenia, Substance-Related Disorders

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

The Clinician's Illusion

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks