A Longitudinal Twin Study of 1-Year Prevalence of Major Depression in Women
Abstract
Objectives This study seeks to clarify the etiologic importance and temporal stability of the genetic and environmental risk factors for 1-year prevalence of major depression (1YP-MD) in women. Design One-year prevalence of major depression was personally assessed, using DSM-III-R criteria, at two time points a minimum of 1 year apart. Participants Both members of 938 adult female-female twin pairs ascertained from the population-based Virginia Twin Registry. Results The correlation in liability to 1YP-MD was much greater in monozygotic (MZ) than in dizygotic (DZ) twins at time 1 alone, time 2 alone, or at either time 1 or time 2. Model fitting suggested that the liability to 1YP-MD was due to additive genes and individual specific environment with a heritability of 41% to 46% and was not biased by violations of the equal environment assumption. Jointly analyzing both times of assessment using a longitudinal twin model suggested that, over a 1-year period, genetic effects on the liability to 1YP-MD were entirely stable, while environmental effects were entirely occasion specific. Conclusions These results suggest that: (1) genetic factors play a moderate etiologic role in the 1YP-MD, (2) the temporal stability of the liability to major depression in adult women is largely or entirely genetic in origin, and (3) environmental factors play a significant role in the etiology of major depression, but their effects are generally transitory and do not result in enduring changes in t…
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Because numerous risk factors for major depression, including genes and childhood adversities, have long-lasting effects, the tendency for major depression to recur could arise without one depressive episode having a causal effect on the next.
“Because numerous risk factors for MD—including genes and childhood adversities—have long-lasting effects,11,12,22,23 the tendency for MD to recur could arise without one depressive episode having a causal effect on the next.”
From Dependent Stressful Life Events and Prior Depressive Episodes in the Prediction of Major Depression (2010) · cites this paper as [22]
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- Authors
- Kendler, K. S.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kendler, Kenneth S.
- ORCID
- Kendler, Kenneth S.
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1993-11-01
- Volume
- 50
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 843
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2007438165
- Cited by
- 97
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01hd026746-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH040828, MH 40828)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-25630)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD 26746)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, women, heritability, genetic susceptibility, monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins, temporal stability, environmental risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Depressive Disorder, Diseases in Twins, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Models, Genetic, Registries, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Twins, Dizygotic, Twins, Monozygotic, Virginia, Comorbidity, Prevalence
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