Cited by 209Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum DisordersNeuroendocrine regulation and behaviorPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research

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Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Oxytocin in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: Comparison With Tourette's Syndrome and Healthy Controls

Leckman, James F.·1994·Archives of General Psychiatry

DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950100030003

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Limited neurobiological data have implicated central arginine vasopressin in the pathobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Based on twin, family genetic, and pharmacological studies, some forms of OCD are etiologically related to Tourette's syndrome. The role of arginine vasopressin and related compounds such as oxytocin in Tourette's syndrome has not been previously explored. METHODS: To compare cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of arginine vasopressin and oxytocin, we collected CSF at midday in a standardized fashion from a total of 83 individuals (29 patients with OCD, 23 patients with Tourette's syndrome, and 31 normal controls). We also collected family study data on each subject to determine which subjects had a family history positive for Tourette's syndrome, OCD, or related syndromes. RESULTS: In contrast to previous reports, we report similar concentrations of arginine vasopressin for all three groups but increased oxytocin levels in patients with OCD. Remarkably, this increase was observed only in a subset of patients with OCD (n = 22) independently identified as being without a personal or family history of tic disorders (P = .0003). In this subgroup of patients, the CSF oxytocin level was correlated with current severity of OCD (n = 19, r = .47, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: A possible role for oxytocin in the neurobiology of a subtype of OCD is suggested by the elevated CSF levels of oxytocin and by the correlation between CSF oxytocin levels and OCD severity. These findings reinforce the value of family genetic data in identifying biologically homogeneous (and perhaps more etiologically homogeneous) groups of patients with OCD. Together with emerging pharmacological data showing differential responsiveness to treatment of tic-related OCD vs non-tic-related OCD, these data also argue strongly for the incorporation of tic-relatedness as a variable in biological and behavioral studies of patients with OCD.

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Authors: Leckman, J. F.
Affiliations: Yale University (US)
Corresponding author: Leckman, James F.
ORCID: Leckman, James F.
Venue: Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 1994-10-01
Volume: 51
Issue: 10
Pages: 782
ISSN: 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950100030003
OpenAlex: W2106516672
Cited by: 209
References: 69
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 9.81
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r01mh044843-03)
National Institute of Mental Health (MH00508, MH49351, P01MH049351, MH 44843)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Keywords: obsessive-compulsive disorder, oxytocin, vasopressin, cerebrospinal fluid, Tourette syndrome, family history (medicine), OCD severity, neurobiology of OCD
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Arginine Vasopressin, Mental Disorders, Biogenic Amines, Dynorphins, Family, Female, Tourette Syndrome, Humans, Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, Male, Middle Aged, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Oxytocin, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Severity of Illness Index, Tryptophan, Comorbidity, Age of Onset

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Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Oxytocin in Obsessive-compulsive Disorder: Comparison With Tourette's Syndrome and Healthy Controls

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