The DOI matches its Crossref record; 20 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
National Institute of Mental Health Collaborative Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With ADHD (the MTA): Design Challenges and Choices
Abstract
The Collaborative Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the MTA, is the first child multisite cooperative agreement treatment study of children conducted by the National Institute of Mental Health, Rockville, Md. It examines the long-term effectiveness of medication vs behavioral treatment vs both for treatment of ADHD and compares state-of-the-art treatment with routine community care. In a parallel-groups design, 576 children (age, 7-9 years) with ADHD (96 at each site) are thoroughly assessed and randomized to 4 conditions: (1) medication alone, (2) psychosocial treatment alone, (3) the combination of both, (4) or community comparison. The first 3 groups are treated for 14 months and all are reassessed periodically for 24 months. Designers met the following challenges: framing clinically relevant primary questions; defining the target population; choice, intensity, and integration and combination of treatments for fair comparisons; combining scientific controls and standardization with clinical flexibility; and implementing a controlled clinical trial in a nonclinical setting (school) controlled by others. Innovative solutions included extensive decision algorithms and manualized adaptations of treatments to specific needs.
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In the citing paper
“The MTA implemented state-of-the-art treatment in the early 1990s”
From Effects of Stimulant Medication on Growth Rates Across 3 Years in the MTA Follow-up (2007) · cites this paper as Arnold et al., 1997
In the citing paper
“which then was prescribed for most cases when stimulant medication was used to treat children with ADHD”
From Effects of Stimulant Medication on Growth Rates Across 3 Years in the MTA Follow-up (2007) · cites this paper as Arnold et al., 1997
In the citing paper
“used an immediate-release formulation of methylphenidate (Ritalin”
From Effects of Stimulant Medication on Growth Rates Across 3 Years in the MTA Follow-up (2007) · cites this paper as Arnold et al., 1997
Citations
Cites
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Testing the integrity of a psychotherapy protocol: Assessment of adherence and competence
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Helping the noncompliant child : a clinician's guide to parent training
Forehand, R., McMahon, R. J., & Wahler, R. G. (1981) · Guilford Press eBooks · Cited by 757
On the relation of clinical research to clinical practice: Current issues, new directions.
Barlow, D. H. (1981) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.49.2.147 · Cited by 313
Utilization of psychotherapy research by practicing psychotherapists.
Morrow-Bradley, C., & Elliott, R. (1986) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.41.2.188 · Cited by 307
Defiant children : a clinician's manual for parent training
Barkley, R. A. (1987) · Guilford Press eBooks · Cited by 300
Richters, J., Arnold, L. E., Jensen, P., Abikoff, H., Conners, C., Greenhill, L. L., Hechtman, L., Hinshaw, S. P., Pelham, W., & Swanson, J. M. (1995) · Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199508000-00008 · Cited by 299
Medication treatment strategies in the MTA Study: relevance to clinicians and researchers
GREENHILL, L. L., ABIKOFF, H. B., ARNOLD, L. E., CANTWELL, D. P., CONNERS, C. K., ELLIOTT, G., HECHTMAN, L., HINSHAW, S. P., HOZA, B., JENSEN, P. S., et al. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199610000-00017 · Cited by 297
Pelham, W. E., Carlson, C. L., Sams, S. E., Vallano, G., Dixon, M. J., & Hoza, B. (1993) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.61.3.506 · Cited by 266
Additive Effects of Psychostimulants, Parent Training, and Self-Control Therapy with ADHD Children
Horn, W. F., Ialongo, N. S., Pascoe, J. M., Greenberg, G. S., Packard, T. R., LOPEZ, M., WAGNER, A., & Puttler, L. I. (1991) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199103000-00011 · Cited by 167
Cited by
Sorted by citations
(1999) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.12.1073 · Cited by 3,372
“01 4 73 (13) 17 (12) 18 (13) 15 (10) 23 (16) 7%-20%‡ 5 1 (0.”
Molina, B. S. G., Hinshaw, S. P., Swanson, J. M., Arnold, L. E., Vitiello, B., Jensen, P. S., Epstein, J. N., Hoza, B., Hechtman, L., Abikoff, H. B., et al. (2009) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/chi.0b013e31819c23d0 · Cited by 1,182
Self-citationDiagnosis and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents
Goldman, L. S. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.14.1100 · Cited by 1,082
Solanto, M. V., Abikoff, H., Sonuga-Barke, E., Schachar, R., Logan, G. D., Wigal, T., Hechtman, L., Hinshaw, S., & Turkel, E. (2001) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1010329714819 · Cited by 639
Hoza, B., Mrug, S., Gerdes, A. C., Hinshaw, S. P., Bukowski, W. M., Gold, J. A., Kraemer, H. C., Pelham, W. E., Wigal, T., & Arnold, L. E. (2005) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.73.3.411 · Cited by 617
“…the data reported here were collected at baseline (i.e., before any of the treatments began), we do not describe the treatments or outcome findings here (instead, see the following reports: Arnold et al., 1997; Greenhill et al., 1996; MTA Cooperative Group, 1999a, 1999b; Wells et al., 2000).”
ResultSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Arnold, L. E.
- Affiliations
- National Institute of Mental Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Arnold, L. Eugene
- ORCID
- Arnold, L. Eugene
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1997-09-01
- Volume
- 54
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 865
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2157719972
- Cited by
- 240
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 14.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (UO1 MH50461, UO1 MH50440, U01MH050447, U01MH050440, UO1 MH50447, U01MH050461)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, children, multimodal therapy, stimulant medication, behavior therapy, psychosocial interventions, combination therapy, community-based care, long-term treatment effectiveness, decision-making algorithm, target population definition
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Behavior Therapy, Child, Clinical Protocols, Combined Modality Therapy, Decision Making, Dextroamphetamine, Female, Health Policy, Health Services Research, Humans, Imipramine, Male, Methylphenidate, National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.), Pemoline, Research Design, United States, Patient Selection
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