Cited by 292Schizophrenia research and treatmentGlobal Cancer Incidence and ScreeningGenetic Associations and Epidemiology

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Incidence of Cancer Among Persons With Schizophrenia and Their Relatives

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Lichtermann, Dirk, Ekelund, Jesper, Pukkala, Eero, Tanskanen, Antti, Lönnqvist, Jouko·2001·Archives of General Psychiatry

DOI 10.1001/archpsyc.58.6.573

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: It has repeatedly been reported that the risk for cancer in patients with schizophrenia is different from that of the general population, specifically a lower risk for lung cancer despite increased smoking. Confirmation of these associations could lead to hypotheses on shared risk or protective factors, either genetic or environmental. METHODS: From Finland's National Hospital Discharge and Disability Pension registers, Helsinki, we identified a cohort of 26 996 individuals born between 1940 and 1969 and treated for schizophrenia between 1969 and 1991. They were followed up for cancer from 1971 to 1996 by record linkage with the Finnish Cancer Registry, yielding 446 653 person-years at risk, and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated. Likewise, 39 131 parents and 52 976 siblings of the patients with schizophrenia were followed up to explore familial genetic hypotheses on deviations in cancer risk. RESULTS: In patients with schizophrenia, an increased overall cancer risk was found (724 cases observed vs 619 expected; SIR, 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.25). Half of the excess cases were attributable to lung cancer (SIR, 2.17; 95% CI, 1.78-2.60), and the strongest relative increase in risk was in pharyngeal cancer (SIR, 2.60; 95% CI, 1.25-4.77). Cancer incidence in siblings (SIR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.83-0.94) and parents (SIR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.89-0.93) was consistently lower than that in the general population. CONCLUSION: Although specific lifestyle factors, particularly tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption, probably account for the increased cancer risk in patients with schizophrenia, the decreased risk in relatives would be compatible with a postulated genetic risk factor for schizophrenia offering selective advantage to unaffected relatives.

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Authors: Lichtermann, D., Ekelund, J., Pukkala, E., Tanskanen, A., & Lönnqvist, J.
Affiliations: University of Bonn (DE)
Corresponding author: Lichtermann, Dirk
ORCID: Pukkala, Eero
Venue: Archives of General Psychiatry
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2001-06-01
Volume: 58
Issue: 6
Pages: 573
ISSN: 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.58.6.573
OpenAlex: W11386986
Cited by: 292
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 5.90
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
repository.kulib.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Locations: Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion)
Kyoto University Research Information Repository (Kyoto University) (submittedVersion)
英文学評論
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Global Cancer Incidence and Screening
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
Keywords: schizophrenia, cancer incidence, lung cancer, pharyngeal cancer, family history (medicine), siblings, parents, genetic risk factors, smoking, alcohol consumption, shared risk factors
MeSH terms: Alcohol Drinking, Family, Female, Finland, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Lung Neoplasms, Male, Neoplasms, Registries, Risk, Risk Factors, Risk-Taking, Schizophrenia, Smoking, Comorbidity, Incidence, Confidence Intervals, Genetic Predisposition to Disease

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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Incidence of Cancer Among Persons With Schizophrenia and Their Relatives

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

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Cited by

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About these checks