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Family History of Psychiatric Illness as a Risk Factor for Schizoaffective Disorder: A Danish Register-Based Cohort Study
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Schizoaffective disorder may be related to both schizophrenia and bipolar disorders, but no population-based studies, to our knowledge, have investigated this association in families. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether a psychiatric history of schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia among parents and siblings is a risk factor for developing a schizoaffective disorder, and whether a specific pattern of family history of psychiatric illness exists in persons with schizoaffective disorder compared with persons with bipolar disorder or schizophrenia. DESIGN: Register-based cohort study. SETTING: Denmark. COHORT: The 2.4 million persons born in Denmark after 1952. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Relative risks of the 3 illnesses estimated by Poisson regression. RESULTS: In total, 1925 persons had a schizoaffective disorder, 3721 had a bipolar disorder, and 12 501 had schizophrenia. The relative risk of schizoaffective disorder was 2.76 (95% confidence interval, 2.49-3.06) if a first-degree relative had a history of mental illness compared with a person with no first-degree relatives with such a history. There was an additional risk (95% confidence interval) of 2.57 (2.11-3.13), 3.23 (2.63-3.95), or 1.92 (1.43-2.57) if the first-degree relative had schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or schizoaffective disorder, respectively, compared with other psychiatric admissions. When bipolar disorder was the outcome, bipolar disorder in first-degree relatives was by far the significantly strongest risk factor. When schizophrenia was the outcome, the significantly strongest risk factor was schizophrenia among first-degree relatives. CONCLUSION: Schizoaffective disorder is not simply a subgroup of either bipolar disorder or schizophrenia but may be genetically linked to both, with schizoaffective disorder being a subtype of each or a genetic intermediate form.
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“Laursen et al. (2005) have documented an excess mortality in the parents of patients with schizophrenia, a finding that could suggest both shared environmental and genetic factors but may also reflect an impact of the stress associated with caring for a severely ill family member.”
From Excess early mortality in schizophrenia. (2014) · cites this paper as Laursen et al. 2005
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Metadata
- Authors
- Laursen, T. M., Labouriau, R., Licht, R. W., Bertelsen, A., Munk-Olsen, T., & Mortensen, P. B.
- Affiliations
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Venue
- Archives of General Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2005-08-01
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 841
- ISSN
- 0003-990X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2110680655
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 3 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 5.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Archives of General Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Research Foundation
- Danmarks Grundforskningsfond
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Family Caregiving in Mental Illness
- Keywords
- schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, family history of mental illness, first-degree relatives, genetic risk factors, psychiatric hospital admissions
- MeSH terms
- Mental Disorders, Bipolar Disorder, Denmark, Family Health, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Pedigree, Psychotic Disorders, Registries, Risk, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Cohort Studies, Poisson Distribution, Linear Models, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, International Classification of Diseases
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