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Pancreatic Infection in Severe Pancreatitis: The Role of Fungus and Multiresistant Organisms
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS: Recent controlled clinical studies suggest a positive effect of early antibiotic treatment on late morbidity and mortality in severe acute pancreatitis. However, widespread use of antibiotics may lead to an increased number of fungal infections and multiresistant bacteria, thereby worsening the outcome of the disease. DESIGN: Single-center prospective study. SETTING: University hospital, gastrointestinal surgical service. PATIENTS: One hundred three patients with necrotizing pancreatitis seen consecutively in our service. INTERVENTIONS: In addition to standard treatment, patients with proven necrotizing pancreatitis received a prophylactic intravenous antibiotic treatment. Pancreatic infection was regarded as an indication for surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Pancreatic infection, microbiological findings, drug resistance, fungal infections. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients (32%) had infected necrosis. Gram-negative organisms were isolated from 19 patients (58%), Gram-positive organisms were isolated from 18 patients (55%), fungal organisms were isolated from 8 patients (24%), and multiresistant organisms were isolated from 3 patients (9%). In 7 patients (21%), the organisms cultured from the pancreatic tissue were resistant to the antibiotics given in for prophylaxis. Infection with multiresistant organisms or organisms resistant to the antibiotic used for prophylaxis, but not with fungal infection or Gram-positive or Gram-negative infection, was correlated with a negative outcome. CONCLUSIONS: Fungal infection under adequate treatment is not associated with a negative outcome. The occurrence of multiresistant organisms seems to be a rare finding (3 of 103 patients). Antibiotic prophylaxis is effective in preventing infection in necrotizing pancreatitis, but optimal choice and duration of administration of the antibiotic agent(s) need to be carefully determined to avoid the sequelae of multiresistant organisms.
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Cited by
Practice guidelines in acute pancreatitis
Banks, P. A., Freeman, M. L., & the Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology (2006) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00856.x · Cited by 2,050
Guidelines for Treatment of Candidiasis
Pappas, P. G., Rex, J. H., Sobel, J. D., Filler, S. G., Dismukes, W. E., Walsh, T. J., & Edwards, J. E. (2004) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/380796 · Cited by 1,440
IAP Guidelines for the Surgical Management of Acute Pancreatitis
Uhl, W. H., Warshaw, A. L., IMRIE, C. W., Bassi, C., McKay, C. J., Lankisch, P. G., Carter, R., Magno, E. D., Banks, P. A., Whitcomb, D. C., et al. (2002) · Pancreatology · doi:10.1159/000071269 · Cited by 773
Clinical practice guideline: management of acute pancreatitis
Greenberg, J. A., Hsu, J., Bawazeer, M., Marshall, J., Friedrich, J. O., Nathens, A., Coburn, N., May, G. R., Pearsall, E., & McLeod, R. S. (2016) · Canadian Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1503/cjs.015015 · Cited by 429
Antibiotic therapy for prophylaxis against infection of pancreatic necrosis in acute pancreatitis
Villatoro, E., Mulla, M., & Larvin, M. (2010) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002941.pub3 · Cited by 419
Metadata
- Authors
- Gloor, B.
- Venue
- Archives of Surgery
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2001-05-01
- Volume
- 136
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 592
- ISSN
- 0004-0010 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2075974548
- Cited by
- 190
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 14.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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