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Trivalent Combined Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine: Findings in Clinical-Laboratory Studies
Abstract
Four lots of combined trivalent Moraten measles, Jeryl Lynn mumps, and HPV-77 duck rubella vaccine were administered to a total of 715 children, 7 months to 7 years of age, who were initially without antibody against any of the three viruses. Overall, 96% of the children developed measles hemagglutination-inhibiting, 95% developed mumps neutralizing, and 94% developed rubella hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies. The most important clinical reaction to the trivalent vaccine was mild fever in a portion of the children, such as is expected following administration of Moraten measles vaccine alone. Joint involvement was notably absent during the six-to-nine week follow-up. The combined measles-mumps-rubella vaccine provides a simple means for immunizing against all three of these diseases without impairment of antibody response and without significant increase in clinical reaction.
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In the citing paper
“The studies by Beck and Stokes reported no difference in the incidence of rash and lymphadenopathy between MMR vaccination and placebo (Beck 1989) or do nothing (Stokes 1971).”
From Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children (2012) · cites this paper as Stokes 1971
In the citing paper
“Stokes 1971 reported an increase in the incidence of fever in the period Day 5 to Day 12 postvaccination”
From Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children (2012) · cites this paper as Stokes 1971
Citations
Cited by
Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children
Demicheli, V., Rivetti, A., Debalini, M. G., & Di Pietrantonj, C. (2012) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004407.pub3 · Cited by 372
Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children
Di Pietrantonj, C., Rivetti, A., Marchione, P., Debalini, M. G., & Demicheli, V. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd004407.pub4 · Cited by 193
Halsey, N. A., Hyman, S. L., & Panel, T. C. W. (2001) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.107.5.e84 · Cited by 156
Two centuries of vaccination: historical and conceptual approach and future perspectives
Montero, D. A., Vidal, R. M., Velasco, J., Carreño, L. J., Torres, J. P., O., M. A. B., Tovar-Rosero, Y.-Y., Oñate, A. A., & O’Ryan, M. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1326154 · Cited by 179
“The 1970s ushered in the era of combination vaccines, particularly the combination of live vaccines into a single formulation offering protection against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR vaccine) (150).”
BackgroundRNA Virus Reverse Genetics and Vaccine Design
Stobart, C. C., & Moore, M. L. (2014) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v6072531 · Cited by 119
“Hilleman was later instrumental in the development of the MMR vaccine combining live-attenuated strains of measles, mumps, rubella (Wistar RA 27/3 strain), which was first licensed for use in 1971 [96].”
Metadata
- Authors
- Stokes, J.
- Corresponding author
- Stokes, Joseph
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1971-10-04
- Volume
- 218
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 57
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- OpenAlex
- W4300948720
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Virology and Viral Diseases
- Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
- Keywords
- vaccine antibody response, vaccine adverse reactions, fever, joint involvement, childhood immunization
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Trivalent Combined Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine: Findings in Clinical-Laboratory Studies. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1001/jama.1971.03190140033006
- The paper
- Stokes, J. (1971). Trivalent Combined Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine: Findings in Clinical-Laboratory Studies. JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1971.03190140033006
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
