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Cited by 401Occupational Health and PerformancePosttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchPsychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments

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Self-reported Illness and Health Status Among Gulf War Veterans<subtitle>A Population-Based Study</subtitle>

Iowa-Persian-Gulf-Study-Group·1997·JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
DOI 10.1001/jama.1997.03540270064028
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Abstract

Objective. —To assess the prevalence of self-reported symptoms and illnesses among military personnel deployed during the Persian Gulf War (PGW) and to compare the prevalence of these conditions with the prevalence among military personnel on active duty at the same time, but not deployed to the Persian Gulf (non-PGW). Design. —Cross-sectional telephone interview survey of PGW and non-PGW military personnel. The study instrument consisted of validated questions, validated questionnaires, and investigator-derived questions designed to assess relevant medical and psychiatric conditions. Setting. —Population-based sample of military personnel from Iowa. Study Participants. —A total of 4886 study subjects were randomly selected from 1 of 4 study domains (PGW regular military, PGW National Guard/Reserve, non-PGW regular military, and non-PGW National Guard/Reserve), stratifying for age, sex, race, rank, and branch of military service. Main Outcome Measures. —Self-reported symptoms and symptoms of medical illnesses and psychiatric conditions. Results. —Overall, 3695 eligible study subjects (76%) and 91% of the located subjects completed the telephone interview. Compared with non-PGW military personnel, PGW military personnel reported a significantly higher prevalence of symptoms of depression (17.0% vs 10.9%; Cochran-Mantel-Haenszel test statistic,P<.001), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (1.9% vs 0.8%,P=.007), chronic fatigue (1.3% vs 0.3%,P<.001), cognitive dysfunction (18.7% vs 7.6%,P<.001), bronchitis (3.7% vs 2.7%,P<.001), asthma (7.2% vs 4.1%,P=.004), fibromyalgia (19.2% vs 9.6%,P<.001), alcohol abuse (17.4% vs 12.6%,P=.02), anxiety (4.0% vs 1.8%,P<.001), and sexual discomfort (respondent, 1.5% vs 1.1%,P=.009; respondent's female partner, 5.1% vs 2.4%,P<.001). Assessment of health-related quality of life demonstrated diminished mental and physical functioning scores for PGW military personnel. In almost all cases, larger differences between PGW and non-PGW military personnel were observed in the National Guard/Reserve comparison. Within the PGW military study population, compared with veterans in the regular military, veterans in the National Guard/Reserve only reported more symptoms of chronic fatigue (2.9% vs 1.0%,P=.03) and alcohol abuse (19.4% vs 17.0%,P=.004). Conclusions. —Military personnel who participated in the PGW have a higher self-reported prevalence of medical and psychiatric conditions than contemporary military personnel who were not deployed to the Persian Gulf. These findings establish the need to further investigate the potential etiologic, clinical, pathogenic, and public health implications of the increased prevalence of multiple medical and psychiatric conditions in populations of military personnel deployed to the Persian Gulf.

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Authors
Iowa-Persian-Gulf-Study-Group
Corresponding author
Iowa-Persian-Gulf-Study-Group
Venue
JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
1997-01-15
Volume
277
Issue
3
Pages
238
ISSN
  • 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
  • 0098-7484
DOI
10.1001/jama.1997.03540270064028
OpenAlex
W4242885681
Cited by
396
References
0
Citations by year
2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 13
FWCI
93.97
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • JAMA (publishedVersion)
  • JAMA
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Performance
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
Keywords
Gulf War veterans, Gulf War illness, self-reported symptoms, health status, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, chronic fatigue, cognitive impairment, fibromyalgia, alcohol abuse, anxiety, sexual dysfunction, health-related quality of life, military personnel, health care utilization, health care costs, Gulf War

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