The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Efficacy of Midodrine vs Placebo in Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension: A Randomized, Double-blind Multicenter Study
Abstract
Objective. —To evaluate the efficacy of a 10-mg dose of midodrine 3 times per day in improving blood pressure (BP) and ameliorating symptoms of orthostatic hypotension in patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension. Midodrine hydrochloride, an α=agonist, could improve orthostatic BP by increasing vasomotor and venomotor tone. Design/Methods. —A total of 171 patients with orthostatic hypotension participated in a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled study. They were randomized to a 10-mg dose of midodrine or placebo 3 times per day in a 6-week study, comprising single-blind run-in (at week 1) and washout at weeks 5 and 6, with an intervening double-blind period (weeks 2 to 4). Setting. —Twenty-five centers, with most patients evaluated in referral centers. Main Outcome Measures. —The primary end points were improvement in standing systolic BP, symptoms of lightheadedness, and a global symptom relief score (by the investigator and patient separately). Results. —Nine patients were not evaluable because of noncompliance or taking concomitant vasoactive medications (3 in the midodrine group, 6 in the placebo group). In the evaluable patients, midodrine resulted in improvements in standing systolic BP at all time points (P<.001 at visits 2,3,4, and 5), in reported symptoms by the end of the second week of treatment (P=.001), and in the global symptom relief score rated by both the patient (P=.03) and the investigator (P<.001). There was no effect by center, severity of orthostatic hypotension, use of fludrocortisone or compression garments, or diagnosis. The main adverse effects were those of pilomotor reactions, urinary retention, and supine hypertension. Conclusions. —Midodrine is efficacious and safe in the treatment of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Midodrine (2.5-10 mg t.i.d) was shown to be effective in three randomized placebo-controlled trials. 324-326”
From 2018 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (2018) · cites this paper as [325]
In the citing paper
“There is no doubt that midodrine increases BP both in the supine and upright posture, and ameliorates the symptoms of OH.”
From 2018 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope (2018) · cites this paper as [325]
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 301–400 of 428
Oral blood pressure augmenting agents for intravenous vasopressor weaning
Robinson, J. C., ElSaban, M., Smischney, N. J., & Wieruszewski, P. M. (2024) · World Journal of Clinical Cases · doi:10.12998/wjcc.v12.i36.6892 · Cited by 3
New drug: Midodrine for orthostatic hypotension
(2020) · Australian Prescriber · doi:10.18773/austprescr.2020.081 · Cited by 3
“The first of the studies discussed above is the most robust: it included the greatest number of patients (n=171) and the power calculation for sample size was based on light-headedness as an outcome [7].”
BackgroundInfluentialPharmacological treatments of postural hypotension
Gibbons, C. H., Raj, S. R., Lahrmann, H., & Benatar, M. G. (2010) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008269 · Cited by 3
Recurrent Syncope Due to Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity and Sick Sinus Syndrome
Kuo, F. Y., Hsiao, H.-C., Chiou, C.-W., et al. (2008) · Journal of the Chinese Medical Association · doi:10.1016/s1726-4901(08)70163-1 · Cited by 3
Neurovegetative Regulation of the Vascular System
Grubb, B. P., KOSINSKI, D. J., & Kanjwal, Y. (2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-56225-9_10 · Cited by 3
Vilches‐Moraga, A., Paling, D., Akram, Q., Atkinson, O., Staniland, J. R., Paredes-Galán, E., Pascual, C., & Pérez-Jara, J. (2012) · European Geriatric Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.eurger.2012.06.003 · Cited by 3
Ali, A., Farid, S. F., Amin, M. A., Kassem, M., Al-Garem, N., & Al‐Ghobashy, M. A. (2015) · Clinical Drug Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40261-015-0359-6 · Cited by 3
“Midodrine has been prescribed for various etiologies of symptomatic hypotension, comprising neurocardiogenic syncope [6, 7], including vasovagal syncope [8, 9], and orthostatic hypotension in the elderly.”
BackgroundMoustafa, H., Eid, K.-A., Hassan, A., et al. (2016) · Al-Azhar Assiut Medical Journal · doi:10.4103/1687-1693.180465 · Cited by 3
Autonomic Dysfunction in Neuromuscular Disorders
Silvestri, N. J., & Gibbons, C. H. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-0372-6.00005-0 · Cited by 4
Parkinsonism-Plus Syndromes and Secondary Parkinsonian Disorders
Fahn, S., Jankovic, J. J., Hallett, M., & Jenner, P. G. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-07941-2.50013-9 · Cited by 3
Orthostatic Hypotension and Orthostatic Intolerance
Mathias, C. J., & Galizia, G. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-5583-9.00113-1 · Cited by 3
The Use of Oral Vasopressors in the Management of Autonomic Dysfunction and Orthostatic Hypotension
Wittbrodt, E. T., & Kovalick, L. J. (1999) · Annals of Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1345/aph.18016 · Cited by 3
Cammerman, A. C., Haslam, D. W., Currigan, D. A., & Lennon, M. J. (2025) · Anaesthesia and Intensive Care · doi:10.1177/0310057x241290536 · Cited by 2
Treatment of primary adult-onset neurodegenerative cerebellar ataxias
Ariello, L. E., Rastall, D. P. W., & Rosenthal, L. S. (2025) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.neurot.2025.e00805 · Cited by 4
“Levodopa, a common medication for Parkinson ’ s disease, is often used to treat parkinsonian features in MSA, but the response is typically poor or unsustained and actually the poor response to this drug is used as diagnostic criteria [138,139].”
Hypotension orthostatique : physiopathologie, diagnostic et traitements
Sénard, J. (2012) · EMC - Cardiologie · doi:10.1016/s1166-4568(12)45138-5 · Cited by 2
“[117] Low PA, Gilden JL, Freeman R, for the midodrine study group.”
BackgroundAutonomic Dysfunction in Neuromuscular Disorders
Gibbons, C. H., & Silvestri, N. J. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-71317-7.00005-6 · Cited by 3
Atypical parkinsonism, parkinsonism-plus syndromes and secondary parkinsonian disorders
Jankovic, J. J., Hallett, M., Okun, M. S., Comella, C., Fahn, S., & Goldman, J. G. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-31071-0.00009-3 · Cited by 2
Orthostatic hypotension in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Zalyalova, Z. A., Магомедовна, Х. Д., & Ilina, G. (2023) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro202312306116 · Cited by 2
Orthostatic hypotension in Parkinson’s disease: therapeutic considerations
Wyant, K. J., & Kotagal, V. (2025) · Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders · doi:10.1177/17562864251363292 · Cited by 4
Poewe, W. H., & Seppi, K. (2009) · Blue books of neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-6641-5.00020-9 · Cited by 2
The challenging diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis
Gavin, A., Coats, C., Wallace, W., et al. (2008) · The Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh · doi:10.1177/1478271520083803014 · Cited by 2
Hypotension orthostatique : répercussions sur le traitement des maladies cardiovasculaires
Mansourati, J. (2012) · La Presse Médicale · doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2012.03.024 · Cited by 2
Management of Nonmotor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease
Gálvez-Jiménez, N., Fernandez, H. H., Espay, A. J., & Fox, S. H. (2016) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9781107284210.010 · Cited by 2
Atypical parkinsonism, parkinsonism-plus syndromes, and secondary parkinsonian disorders
Fahn, S., Jankovic, J. J., & Hallett, M. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4377-2369-4.00009-3 · Cited by 2
Kawasaki, S., Sakai, Y., Harasawa, S., Inatsu, A., Kubota, Y., Hirama, A., Kashiwagi, T., & Iwabu, M. (2024) · Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis · doi:10.1111/1744-9987.14107 · Cited by 2
Amin, S. M., Hasanin, A. M., Mansour, R., Mostafa, M. M. A., Zakaria, D., Arafa, A. S., Yassin, A., & Ziada, H. F. M. (2024) · BMC Anesthesiology · doi:10.1186/s12871-024-02442-8 · Cited by 3
“Midodrine was previously used for management of orthostatic hypotension [13], intra-dialysis hypotension [15], and in circulatory shock in critically ill patients [16].”
BackgroundInfluentialUpdates on potential therapeutic targets in MSA
Chelban, V., Bettencourt, C., & Houlden, H. (2016) · Advances in Clinical Neuroscience & Rehabilitation · doi:10.47795/bcsh3989 · Cited by 2
Living with severe orthostatic hypotension
Jordan, J., Diedrich, A., Grassi, G. M., et al. (2016) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/hjh.0000000000001038 · Cited by 2
“In particular, dosing pressor agents routinely thrice daily as in trials with droxidopa [13] or with the direct a-adrenoreceptor agonist midodrine [15] does not make much sense.”
BackgroundDiagnosis and Management of Diabetic Autonomic Neuropathy
Kim, C. H. (2018) · Journal of Korean Diabetes · doi:10.4093/jkd.2018.19.3.160 · Cited by 2
Exercised-Induced Vasovagal Syncope
Wang, D., Sakaguchi, S., & Babcock, M. (1997) · The Physician and Sportsmedicine · doi:10.3810/psm.1997.05.1345 · Cited by 2
Evaluation and Management of Syncope
Grubb, B. P., & KOSINSKI, D. J. (2002) · Contemporary cardiology · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-090-2_10 · Cited by 2
Lahrmann, H., Cortelli, P., Hilz, M. J., Mathias, C. J., Struhal, W., & Tassinari, M. (2006) · doi:10.1002/9780470753279.ch36 · Cited by 2
Autonomic Dysfunction and Orthostatic Hypotension
Shibao, C. A., Juraschek, S. P., & Biaggioni, I. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-88369-6.00041-4 · Cited by 1
Crosstalk between bladder-cardiovascular autonomic nervous system in synucleinopathies
Sakakibara, R., Uchiyama, T., & Yamamoto, T. (2025) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2025.103320 · Cited by 1
Baker, J. R., Ranada, S. I., Incognito, A. V., et al. (2026) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2026.103400 · Cited by 1
“For patients with moderate-to-severe nOH, existing blood pressure treatments are often ineffective and can cause significant side effects (Baker and Kimpinski, 2017; Gibbons et al., 2017; Low, 1997; Low et al., 1997; Parsaik et al., 2013), highlighting the need for better therapeutic options.”
L-Dops and the Treatment of Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension
Vichayanrat, E., Low, D. A., Asahina, M., Owens, A. P., Iodice, V., Galizia, G., & Mathias, C. J. (2013) · Future Neurology · doi:10.2217/fnl.13.28 · Cited by 1
OBSOLETE: Orthostatic Hypotension and Vasovagal Syncope
Raj, S. R. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.99798-8 · Cited by 1
Aminoff, M. J. (2008) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-044306707-5.50011-0 · Cited by 1
Orthostatic hypotension. Part 2: diagnosis and treatment
Golovina, G., Николаевна, Ж. О., Zargaryan, K. A., Kravchenko, O., & Tripolskaya, N. E. (2020) · Innovative medicine of Kuban · doi:10.35401/2500-0268-2020-19-3-77-85 · Cited by 2
Andresen, D. (2014) · Herz · doi:10.1007/s00059-014-4096-z · Cited by 1
2018 KHRS guideline for the evaluation and management of syncope-Part 2
Kim, Y. R., Chun, K. J., Kim, J. S., Mun, H. S., Park, J., Seo, D. W., Song, M. K., Ahn, J. H., Yoon, H. J., Lee, D. I., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Arrhythmia · doi:10.18501/arrhythmia.2018.010 · Cited by 1
Gierthmühlen, J., & Baron, R. (2020) · Fortschritte der Neurologie · Psychiatrie · doi:10.1055/a-1165-7184 · Cited by 1
Palma, J., & Kaufmann, H. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-85492-4.00038-7 · Cited by 1
Diabetes and the Autonomic Nervous Systems
Hohler, A. D., Vaou, O., & Ho, D. (2023) · Contemporary cardiology · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-13177-6_19 · Cited by 1
Sano, U. (2024) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/00989134-20241113-02 · Cited by 1
Use of Midodrine for Intraoperative Hemostasis in Cutaneous and Percutaneous Surgery
Dong, J., Issa, N. T., Kaiser, M. A., et al. (2024) · JID Innovations · doi:10.1016/j.xjidi.2024.100335 · Cited by 1
Khashaba, P. Y., Abdelgaleel, M., Nagi, D. M., et al. (2025) · Sustainable Chemistry and Pharmacy · doi:10.1016/j.scp.2025.102058 · Cited by 1
Treatment of Patients with Neurogenic Orthostatic Hypotension
Maule, S. V., Tredici, M., Colle, S. D., & Chiandussi, L. (2003) · High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular Prevention · doi:10.2165/00151642-200310020-00007 · Cited by 1
Clinical Trials for Orthostatic Hypotension in Parkinson’s Disease and Other Synucleinopathies
Palma, J., & Kaufmann, H. (2020) · Neuromethods · doi:10.1007/978-1-0716-0912-5_13 · Cited by 1
Wenning, G. K., Krismer, F., & Gilman, S. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-23810-0_97 · Cited by 1
Yang, S., & ZIMETBAUM, P. J. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-47868-1_26 · Cited by 1
Adrenergic Agonists and Antagonists in Autonomic Failure
Freeman, R. L. (2004) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012589762-4/50115-8 · Cited by 1
Recurrent Syncope in a Patient After Myocardial Infarction
Credner, S., Lehmann, R., Grubb, B. P., Hohnloser, S. H., & Klingenheben, T. (2003) · Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology · doi:10.1046/j.1460-9592.2003.t01-1-00161.x · Cited by 1
Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS)
Low, P. A. (2003) · Encyclopedia of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/b0-12-226870-9/00229-x · Cited by 1
Self-citationEvaluation of the Patient with Syncope
Blatt, C. M., & Graboys, T. B. (2001) · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-6601-4_9
Chapter 3 Multiple System Atrophy
Geser, F., Globas, C., Schöls, L. J., & Wenning, G. K. (2007) · Blue books of neurology · doi:10.1016/s1877-184x(09)70077-2
Multiple System Atrophy, Orthostatic Hypotension, and Autonomic Dysfunction and Cognition
Peralta, C. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1364-7_4
“The other group is the vasoactive agents like midodrine, an adrenergic agonist activating the 1-receptors on arterioles and veins inducing increase of peripheral resistance, an effect demonstrated in randomized, controlled studies [35, 36 ].”
BackgroundTreatment of Non‐Motor Symptoms of Parkinson Disease
Ranawaya, R., & Suchowersky, O. (2010) · Health care and disease management · doi:10.1002/9783527629480.ch4
Stacy, M. A., & Jankovic, J. J. (2011) · Parkinson s Disease · doi:10.1002/9781444397970.ch35
Diagnosis and Acute Management of Patients with Symptomatic Bradyarrhythmias
Sung, R. J., & Lauer, M. R. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-4371-4_7
Bloomfield, D. M., & Kunavarapu, C. R. (2003) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-357-6_12
Stemberger, S., & Wenning, G. K. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511977749.002
Hipotensión ortostática: mecanismos, etiología y principios de tratamiento
Blétry, O., & Marroun, I. (2014) · EMC - Tratado de Medicina · doi:10.1016/s1636-5410(14)67519-x
Ipotensione ortostatica: meccanismi, eziologie e principi di trattamento
Blétry, O., & Marroun, I. (2014) · EMC - AKOS - Trattato di Medicina · doi:10.1016/s1634-7358(14)67533-1
Prise en charge médicale des patients atteints de syndromes parkinsoniens atypiques dégénératifs
Chastan, N., & Hartmann, A. (2006) · Revue Neurologique · doi:10.1016/s0035-3787(06)75131-1
Kouakam, C., & Delsart, P. (2012) · La Presse Médicale · doi:10.1016/j.lpm.2012.03.025
Midodrine for Treatment of Vasovagal Syncope
Benditt, D. G., Wilbert, L. A., Fahy, G. J., Sakaguchi, S., Lurie, K. G., & Samniah, N. (2000) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-88-470-2139-6_62
Orthostatic Intolerance: Orthostatic Hypotension and Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome
Brignole, M., & Benditt, D. G. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-85729-201-8_12
Smith, N. D. (2013) · Journal of Pharmacy Technology · doi:10.1177/875512251302900105
Midodrine and Other Sympathomimetics
Gilden, J. L. (2004) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012589762-4/50113-4
Postural Hypotension and Syncope
Aminoff, M. J. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-407710-2.00008-4 · Cited by 1
Der Blutdruck im Alter — Hypertonie und Hypotonie
Tragl, K. H. (1999) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-6409-9_4
Granata, R., & Wenning, G. K. (2011) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511920936.004 · Cited by 2
Reflex syncope: to pace or not to pace?
Kojodjojo, P. (2011) · doi:10.1093/med/9780199695546.003.0163
Evidenzbasierte Therapie der neurogenen orthostatischen Hypotonie
Eschlböck, S., Fanciulli, A., & Wenning, G. K. (2016) · InFo Neurologie + Psychiatrie · doi:10.1007/s15005-016-1585-z
“…Kollektiv) 4 Wochen Jankovic et al. 1993 [41] I A ▶ Randomisiert, doppelblind, placebokontrolliert, Parallelgruppe, n = 171 (heterogenes Kollektiv) 3 Wochen Low et al. 1997 [39] I ▶ Randomisiert, doppelblind, placebokontrolliert, Crossover, n = 25 (heterogenes Kollektiv) 1 Tag Wright et al. 1998…”
Medical Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease
Valadas, A., & Ferreira, J. J. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-1628-9_14
Use caution when treating supine hypertension in patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension
Writers, A. M. (2017) · Drugs & Therapy Perspectives · doi:10.1007/s40267-017-0460-4
Pure Autonomic Failure: Diagnosis, Differential Diagnosis, and Natural History
Jones, P. K., & Freeman, R. L. (2018) · Contemporary Endocrinology · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77048-2_12
DITTRICH, S., Laser, K. T., Deisenhofer, I., BLANKENBURG, M., & Lewin, M. A. G. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-22061-6.50473-0
Parkinson’s Disease and Hypotensive Syndromes
Alagiakrishnan, K. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-30332-7_15
Büyükaydın, B., & Kazancıoğlu, R. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-62493-4_11
Khurana, R. K. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-62263-3_24
Haubrich, C., & Klingenheben, T. (2021) · Herzschrittmachertherapie + Elektrophysiologie · doi:10.1007/s00399-021-00779-y
Letter to the Editor: Midodrine efficacy
Stacey, N. H., Stacey, A. J., & Dowden, J. S. (2021) · Australian Prescriber · doi:10.18773/austprescr.2021.056
Grubb, B. P. (2007) · doi:10.1002/9780470750902.ch11
Orthostatic Disorders in Hypertension
(2005) · Hypertension · doi:10.1201/b14127-45
Wenning, G. K., Krismer, F., & Gilman, S. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1333-8_97
Tesfaye, S. H. (2012) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-61779-791-0_3
Yang, S., & ZIMETBAUM, P. J. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-88953-1_4
Neurovegetative Regulation of the Vascular System
Grubb, B. P., & Karabin, B. L. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37393-0_30-1
Bianco, C. M., Nekkanti, R., Latif, F., Hung, P. N., Tran, P., An, H. T., & Nguyen, T. N. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118965061.ch10
Yennurajalingam, S., & Bruera, E. D. (2021) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/med/9780198821328.003.0066
(2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-53717-1.01085-4
Late (Complicated) Parkinson's Disease
Horstink, M. W. I. M., Tolosa, E., Bonuccelli, U., Deuschl, G., Friedman, A., Kaňovský, P., Larsen, J. P., Lees, A. J., Oertel, W., Poewe, W. H., et al. (2006) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780470753279.ch18
Campbell, N. (2014) · Practical Diabetes · doi:10.1002/pdi.1871
Aydın, A. E., & Işık, A. T. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11368-6
Neurovegetative Regulation of the Vascular System
Grubb, B. P., & Karabin, B. L. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-37078-6_30
Orthostatic hypotension in older persons: A diagnostic algorithm
Krecinic, T., Mattace-Raso, F. U. S., van der Velde, N., Pereira, G., & van der Cammen, T. J. M. (2009) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-009-0160-4
(2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-44-451005-2/00297-7
A patient with recurrent syncope
(2004) · Postgraduate Medical Journal · doi:10.1136/pgmj.2003.15610a
Metadata
- Authors
- Low, P. A.
- Corresponding author
- Low, Phillip A.
- ORCID
- Low, Phillip A.
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1997-04-02
- Volume
- 277
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 1046
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- OpenAlex
- W4294549596
- Cited by
- 425
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 8.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Syncope and Autonomic Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Blood Pressure and Hypertension Studies
- Keywords
- midodrine, neurogenic orthostatic hypotension, alpha-adrenergic agonists, blood pressure, lightheadedness, symptom relief, vascular tone, adverse effects, urinary retention, supine hypertension
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
