Cited by 358Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchPsychotherapy Techniques and ApplicationsSleep and related disorders

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Effect of Prolonged Exposure Therapy Delivered Over 2 Weeks vs 8 Weeks vs Present-Centered Therapy on PTSD Symptom Severity in Military Personnel: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Open access

Foa, Edna B., McLean, Carmen P., Zang, Yinyin, Rosenfield, David, Yadin, Elna, Yarvis, Jeffrey S., Mintz, Jim, Young-McCaughan, Stacey, Borah, Elisa V., Dondanville, Katherine A., Fina, Brooke A., Hall-Clark, Brittany N., Lichner, Tracey, Litz, Brett T., Roache, John, Wright, Edward C., Peterson, Alan L., for the STRONG STAR Consortium·2018·JAMA

DOI 10.1001/jama.2017.21242PMC PMC5833566

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

Importance: Effective and efficient treatment is needed for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in active duty military personnel. Objective: To examine the effects of massed prolonged exposure therapy (massed therapy), spaced prolonged exposure therapy (spaced therapy), present-centered therapy (PCT), and a minimal-contact control (MCC) on PTSD severity. Design, Setting, and Participants: Randomized clinical trial conducted at Fort Hood, Texas, from January 2011 through July 2016 and enrolling 370 military personnel with PTSD who had returned from Iraq, Afghanistan, or both. Final follow-up was July 11, 2016. Interventions: Prolonged exposure therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy involving exposure to trauma memories/reminders, administered as massed therapy (n = 110; 10 sessions over 2 weeks) or spaced therapy (n = 109; 10 sessions over 8 weeks); PCT, a non-trauma-focused therapy involving identifying/discussing daily stressors (n = 107; 10 sessions over 8 weeks); or MCC, telephone calls from therapists (n = 40; once weekly for 4 weeks). Main Outcomes and Measures: Outcomes were assessed before and after treatment and at 2-week, 12-week, and 6-month follow-up. Primary outcome was interviewer-assessed PTSD symptom severity, measured by the PTSD Symptom Scale-Interview (PSS-I; range, 0-51; higher scores indicate greater PTSD severity; MCID, 3.18), used to assess efficacy of massed therapy at 2 weeks posttreatment vs MCC at week 4; noninferiority of massed therapy vs spaced therapy at 2 weeks and 12 weeks posttreatment (noninferiority margin, 50% [2.3 points on PSS-I, with 1-sided α = .05]); and efficacy of spaced therapy vs PCT at posttreatment. Results: Among 370 randomized participants, data were analyzed for 366 (mean age, 32.7 [SD, 7.3] years; 44 women [12.0%]; mean baseline PSS-I score, 25.49 [6.36]), and 216 (59.0%) completed the study. At 2 weeks posttreatment, mean PSS-I score was 17.62 (mean decrease from baseline, 7.13) for massed therapy and 21.41 (mean decrease, 3.43) for MCC (difference in decrease, 3.70 [95% CI,0.72 to 6.68]; P = .02). At 2 weeks posttreatment, mean PSS-I score was 18.03 for spaced therapy (decrease, 7.29; difference in means vs massed therapy, 0.79 [1-sided 95% CI, -∞ to 2.29; P = .049 for noninferiority]) and at 12 weeks posttreatment was 18.88 for massed therapy (decrease, 6.32) and 18.34 for spaced therapy (decrease, 6.97; difference, 0.55 [1-sided 95% CI, -∞ to 2.05; P = .03 for noninferiority]). At posttreatment, PSS-I scores for PCT were 18.65 (decrease, 7.31; difference in decrease vs spaced therapy, 0.10 [95% CI, -2.48 to 2.27]; P = .93). Conclusions and Relevance: Among active duty military personnel with PTSD, massed therapy (10 sessions over 2 weeks) reduced PTSD symptom severity more than MCC at 2-week follow-up and was noninferior to spaced therapy (10 sessions over 8 weeks), and there was no significant difference between spaced therapy and PCT. The reductions in PTSD symptom severity with all treatments were relatively modest, suggesting that further research is needed to determine the clinical importance of these findings. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01049516.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/jama.2017.21242

Cites

40 of 40 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
Williams, J. B. W., & First, M. B. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.104 · Cited by 109,845
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.
Widiger, T. A. (2000) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1037/10518-009 · Cited by 19,766
The control of the false discovery rate in multiple testing under dependency
Benjamini, Y., & Yekutieli, D. (2001) · The Annals of Statistics · doi:10.1214/aos/1013699998 · Cited by 10,490
Interpretation of Changes in Health-related Quality of Life: The Remarkable Universality of Half a Standard Deviation
Norman, G. R., Sloan, J. A., & Wyrwich, K. W. (2003) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000062554.74615.4c · Cited by 4,700
Reliability and validity of a brief instrument for assessing post-traumatic stress disorder
Foa, E. B., Riggs, D. S., Dancu, C. V., & Rothbaum, B. O. (1993) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.2490060405 · Cited by 2,537
Self-citation
Invisible Wounds of War: Psychological and Cognitive Injuries, Their Consequences, and Services to Assist Recovery
Adamson, D. M., Burnam, M. A., Burns, R. M., Caldarone, L. B., Cox, R. A., D’Amico, E. J., Díaz, C., Eibner, C., Fisher, G., Helmus, T. C., et al. (2008) · RAND Corporation eBooks · doi:10.7249/mg720 · Cited by 1,713
Longitudinal Assessment of Mental Health Problems Among Active and Reserve Component Soldiers Returning From the Iraq War
Milliken, C. S., Auchterlonie, J. L., & Hoge, C. W. (2007) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.298.18.2141 · Cited by 1,640
Longitudinal Data Analysis
(2018) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781506326139.n404 · Cited by 1,538
Posttraumatic stress disorder: the burden to the individual and to society.
Kessler, R. C. (2000) · PubMed · Cited by 1,445
Treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder in rape victims: a comparison between cognitive-behavioral procedures and counseling
Foa, E. B., Rothbaum, B. O., Riggs, D. S., & Murdock, T. B. (1991) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.59.5.715 · Cited by 1,444 · cited 1×
“Present-centered therapy is a non–trauma-focused, manualized treatment that controls for nonspecific therapeutic factors.(23)Ten90-minute sessionswere scheduled similarly to spaced therapy and focusedon current life problems thatmay or may not be PTSD-related.”
BackgroundSelf-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 41 references

1 of the 41 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 358

Loss of PTSD Diagnosis in Response to Evidence-Based Treatments
Milligan, T., Smolenski, D. J., Lara‐Ruiz, J., & Kelber, M. S. (2025) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2025.0695 · Cited by 23
Virtual Reality Exposure Simulation for Student Veteran Social Anxiety and PTSD: A Case Study
Trahan, M. H., Morley, R. H., Nason, E. E., Rodrigues, N., Huerta, L., & Metsis, V. (2021) · Clinical Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10615-020-00784-7 · Cited by 27
Predictors of Dropout From Residential Treatment for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Military Veterans
Smith, N. B., Sippel, L. M., Rozek, D. C., Hoff, R. A., & Harpaz‐Rotem, I. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00362 · Cited by 23
A Case Report of Cognitive Processing Therapy Delivered Over a Single Week
Held, P., Klassen, B. J., Small, C. F., Brennan, M. B., Horn, R. V., Karnik, N. S., Pollack, M. H., & Zalta, A. K. (2019) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2019.07.006 · Cited by 21
A randomized controlled trial evaluating integrated versus phased application of evidence-based psychotherapies for military veterans with comorbid PTSD and substance use disorders
Kehle‐Forbes, S., Chen, S., Polusny, M. A., Lynch, K. G., Koffel, E., Ingram, E. P., Foa, E. B., Horn, D. H. A. V., Drapkin, M. L., Yusko, D. A., et al. (2019) · Drug and Alcohol Dependence · doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107647 · Cited by 22
Self-citation
Developments of prolonged exposure in treatment effect of post‐traumatic stress disorder and controlling dropout rate: A meta‐analytic review
Zhou, Y., Sun, L., Wang, Y., Wu, L., Sun, Z., Zhang, F., & Liu, W. (2020) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2443 · Cited by 21
An Update on Psychotherapy for the Treatment of PTSD
ROTHBAUM, B. O., & Watkins, L. E. (2025) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.20250110 · Cited by 26
Non-Trauma-Focused Psychotherapies for the Treatment of PTSD: a Descriptive Review
Shea, M. T., KRUPNICK, J. L., Belsher, B. E., & Schnurr, P. P. (2020) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-020-00214-y · Cited by 22
Trauma-focused psychodynamic therapy and STAIR Narrative Therapy of post-traumatic stress disorder related to childhood maltreatment: trial protocol of a multicentre randomised controlled trial assessing psychological, neurobiological and health economic outcomes (ENHANCE)
Leichsenring, F., Steinert, C., Beutel, M. E., Feix, L., Gündel, H., Hermann, A., Karabatsiakis, A., Knaevelsrud, C., König, H., Kolassa, I., et al. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040123 · Cited by 20
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Cluster Structure in Prolonged Exposure Therapy and Virtual Reality Exposure
Stevens, E. S., Bourassa, K. J., Norr, A. M., & Reger, G. M. (2020) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22602 · Cited by 18
Intensive prolonged exposure therapy for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: Design and methodology of a randomized clinical trial
Peterson, A. L., Foa, E. B., Blount, T. H., McLean, C. P., Shah, D. V., Young‐McCaughan, S., Litz, B. T., Schobitz, R. P., Castillo, D. T., Rentz, T. O., et al. (2018) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2018.07.016 · Cited by 20
Self-citation
Defining response and nonresponse to posttraumatic stress disorder treatments: A systematic review.
Varker, T., Kartal, D., Watson, L., Freijah, I., O'Donnell, M. L., Forbes, D., Phelps, A. J., Hopwood, M., McFARLANE, A. C., Cooper, J., et al. (2020) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12355 · Cited by 18
Mediation of suicide ideation in prolonged exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder
Brown, L. A., Zang, Y., Benhamou, K., Taylor, D. J., Bryan, C. J., Yarvis, J. S., Dondanville, K. A., Litz, B. T., Mintz, J., Roache, J. D., et al. (2019) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2019.103409 · Cited by 18
Self-citation
Treatment augmentation for posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review
Metcalf, O., Stone, C., Hinton, M., O'Donnell, M. L., Hopwood, M., McFARLANE, A. C., Forbes, D., Kartal, D., Watson, L., Freijah, I., et al. (2019) · Clinical Psychology Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12310 · Cited by 18
Acquired immune deficiency, myelodysplasia, and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia associated with monosomy 7 and t(3;3) (q21;q26) in a child with Langerhans cell histiocytosis.
Mahoney, D. H., McClain, K. L., Hanson, I. C., Taylor, L. D., & Steuber, C. P. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 18
Massed v. standard prolonged exposure therapy for PTSD in military personnel and veterans: 12-month follow-up of a non-inferiority randomised controlled trial
Dell, L., Sbisa, A. M., Forbes, A. B., O'Donnell, M. L., Bryant, R. A., Hodson, S., Morton, D., Battersby, M., Tuerk, P. W., Elliott, P., et al. (2023) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291723000405 · Cited by 19
Self-reported sleep problems in active-duty US Army personnel receiving posttraumatic stress disorder treatment in group or individual formats: secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial
Pruiksma, K. E., Taylor, D. J., Wachen, J. S., Straud, C. L., Hale, W. J., Mintz, J., Young‐McCaughan, S., Peterson, A. L., Yarvis, J. S., Borah, E. V., et al. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.10584 · Cited by 19
Self-citation
Navigating treatment recommendations for PTSD: A rapid review
Lee, E., & Bowles, K. H. (2020) · International Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/00207411.2020.1781407 · Cited by 21
Conducting Prolonged Exposure for PTSD During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Considerations for Treatment
Fina, B. A., Wright, E. C., Rauch, S. A. M., Norman, S. B., Acierno, R. E., Cuccurullo, L. J., Dondanville, K. A., Moring, J. C., Brown, L. A., & Foa, E. B. (2020) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2020.09.003 · Cited by 26
Self-citation
Management of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder in Veterans and Military Service Members: A Review of Pharmacologic and Psychotherapeutic Interventions Since 2016
Moore, B. A., Pujol, L. A. M., Waltman, S. H., & Shearer, D. S. (2021) · Current Psychiatry Reports · doi:10.1007/s11920-020-01220-w · Cited by 20
Psychophysiology during exposure to trauma memories: Comparative effects of virtual reality and imaginal exposure for posttraumatic stress disorder
Gramlich, M. A., Smolenski, D. J., Norr, A. M., ROTHBAUM, B. O., Rizzo, A., Andrasik, F., Fantelli, E., & Reger, G. M. (2021) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.23141 · Cited by 21
Intensive outpatient treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder: a thematic analysis of patient experience
Thoresen, I. H., Auren, T. J. B., Langvik, E., Engesæth, C., Jensen, A. G., & Klæth, J. R. (2022) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2022.2043639 · Cited by 21
Protocol for individual participant data meta-analysis of interventions for post-traumatic stress
Wright, S. L., Karyotaki, E., Bisson, J. I., Cuijpers, P. J., Papola, D., Witteveen, A. B., Seedat, S., & Sijbrandij, M. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054830 · Cited by 16
Brief Imaginal Exposure for PTSD: Trajectories of Change in Distress
Zoellner, L. A., Lehinger, E. A., Rosencrans, P. L., Cornell-Maier, S., Foa, E. B., Telch, M. J., Gonzalez-Lima, F., & Bedard‐Gilligan, M. A. (2022) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2022.04.005 · Cited by 22
Self-citation
Randomized controlled trial of motion-assisted exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder after mild traumatic brain injury, with and without an eye movement task
Roy, M. J., Bellini, P. G., Kruger, S. E., Dunbar, K. E., Atallah, H., Haight, T. J., & Vermetten, E. H. G. J. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2022.1005774 · Cited by 16
Treatment Approaches for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Derived From Basic Research on Fear Extinction
Maples‐Keller, J. L., Watkins, L. E., Hellman, N. M., Phillips, N. L., & ROTHBAUM, B. O. (2024) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2024.07.010 · Cited by 16
Impact of intensive treatment programs for posttraumatic stress disorder on suicidal ideation in veterans and service members.
Post, L. M., Held, P., Smith, D. L., Black, K., Horn, R. V., Pollack, M. H., ROTHBAUM, B. O., & Rauch, S. A. M. (2021) · Psychological Services · doi:10.1037/ser0000518 · Cited by 18
Effectiveness of treatments for symptoms of post-trauma related guilt, shame and anger in military and civilian populations: a systematic review
Serfioti, D., Murphy, D., Greenberg, N. L., & Williamson, V. (2022) · BMJ Military Health · doi:10.1136/military-2022-002155 · Cited by 18
Prolonged Exposure Therapy
McLean, C. P., & Foa, E. B. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-97802-0_8 · Cited by 19
Self-citation
Comparative effectiveness of group v. individual trauma-focused treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder in veterans
Spiller, T. R., Duek, O. A., Buta, E., Gross, G. M., Smith, N. B., & Harpaz‐Rotem, I. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291722001441 · Cited by 15
A Comparison of Group Anger Management Treatments for Combat Veterans With PTSD: Results From a Quasi-Experimental Trial
Voorhees, E. E. V., Dillon, K. H., Wilson, S. M., Dennis, P. A., Neal, L. C., Medenblik, A. M., Calhoun, P. S., Dedert, E. A., Caron, K. M., Chaudhry, N., et al. (2019) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260519873335 · Cited by 16
Defining post‐traumatic stress disorder recovery in veterans: Benchmarking symptom change against functioning indicators
Hinton, M., O'Donnell, M. L., Cowlishaw, S., Kartal, D., Metcalf, O., Varker, T., McFARLANE, A. C., Hopwood, M., Bryant, R. A., Forbes, D., et al. (2020) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.3019 · Cited by 15
Comorbid Chronic Pain and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Current Knowledge, Treatments, and Future Directions
Reed, D. E., Cobos, B. A., Nabity, P. S., Doolin, J., & McGeary, D. D. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-72216-2.00015-6 · Cited by 15
Massed treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, and co-occurring conditions: the Home Base intensive outpatient program for military veterans and service members
Harward, L. K., Lento, R. M., Teer, A. P., Samph, S. P., Parmenter, M. E., Bonvie, J. L., Magee, C., Brenner, L. H., Picard, K. M., Sanders, W., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1387186 · Cited by 14
Building strong therapeutic relationships quickly: The effect of the perceived working alliance on veterans’ intensive PTSD treatment outcomes.
Held, P., Meade, E. A., Kovacevic, M., Smith, D. L., Pridgen, S., Coleman, J. A., & Klassen, B. J. (2022) · Psychotherapy · doi:10.1037/pst0000447 · Cited by 15
Combining a stellate ganglion block with prolonged exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: A nonrandomized clinical trial
Peterson, A. L., Straud, C. L., Young‐McCaughan, S., McCallin, J. P., Hoch, M. B., Roux, N. P., Koch, L. M., Lara‐Ruiz, J., Roache, J. D., Hein, J. M., et al. (2022) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22873 · Cited by 14
Self-citation
Study design comparing written exposure therapy to cognitive processing therapy for PTSD among military service members: A noninferiority trial
Sloan, D. M., Marx, B. P., Resick, P. A., Young‐McCaughan, S., Dondanville, K. A., Mintz, J., Litz, B. T., & Peterson, A. L. (2019) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100507 · Cited by 16
Self-citation
How Fear Memory is Updated: From Reconsolidation to Extinction?
Chen, J., Fang, Z., Zhang, X., Zheng, Y., & Chen, Z. (2025) · Neuroscience Bulletin · doi:10.1007/s12264-025-01367-7 · Cited by 16
How important are Phase 1 interventions for complex interpersonal trauma? A pilot randomized control trial of a group psychoeducational intervention
Mahoney, A., Karatzias, T., Halliday, K., & Dougall, N. J. (2020) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2447 · Cited by 15
Neuroendocrine biomarkers of prolonged exposure treatment response in military-related PTSD
Rauch, S. A. M., Sripada, R. K., Burton, M. S., Michopoulos, V., Kerley, K. A., Marx, C. E., Kilts, J. D., Naylor, J. C., ROTHBAUM, B. O., McLean, C. P., et al. (2020) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104749 · Cited by 13
Self-citation
Adapting Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Treat Complex Trauma in Police Officers
Collazo, J. (2020) · Clinical Social Work Journal · doi:10.1007/s10615-020-00770-z · Cited by 13
Reductions in guilt cognitions following prolonged exposure and/or sertraline predict subsequent improvements in PTSD and depression
Allard, C. B., Norman, S. B., Straus, E., Kim, H. M., Stein, M. B., Simon, N. M., & Rauch, S. A. M. (2021) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2021.101666 · Cited by 13
Nature versus urban hiking for Veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder: a pilot randomised trial conducted in the Pacific Northwest USA
Littman, A. J., Bratman, G. N., Lehavot, K., Engel, C. C., Fortney, J. C., Peterson, A. C., Jones, A., Klassen, C., Brandon, J., & Frumkin, H. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051885 · Cited by 19
Self-citation
Impact of Treatment Setting and Format on Symptom Severity Following Cognitive Processing Therapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Bryan, C. J., Russell, H. A., Bryan, A. O., Rozek, D. C., Leifker, F. R., Rugo, K. F., Baker, J. C., Khazem, L. R., Roberge, E. M., Shirley, D. M., et al. (2022) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2022.01.014 · Cited by 14
PTSD symptoms and tinnitus severity: An analysis of veterans with posttraumatic headaches.
Moring, J. C., Straud, C. L., Penzien, D. B., Resick, P. A., Peterson, A. L., Jaramillo, C. A., Eapen, B. C., McGeary, C. A., Mintz, J., Litz, B. T., et al. (2022) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0001113 · Cited by 13
Self-citation
Improving mental, physical, and social functioning through participation in a 3-week cognitive processing therapy-based intensive PTSD treatment
Smith, D. L., Kovacevic, M., Montes, M., Pridgen, S., & Held, P. (2022) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2022.102560 · Cited by 13
Barriers and Potential Solutions to Implementing Evidence-Based PTSD Treatment in Military Treatment Facilities
McLean, C. P., Cook, J. H., Riggs, D. S., Peterson, A. L., Young‐McCaughan, S., Borah, E. V., Comtois, K. A., Dondanville, K. A., Frick, E., Haddock, C. K., et al. (2022) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usac240 · Cited by 14
Self-citation
In Their Own Words: Clinician Experiences and Challenges in Administering Evidence-Based Treatments for PTSD in the Veterans Health Administration
Doran, J. M., O’Shea, M., & Harpaz‐Rotem, I. (2018) · Psychiatric Quarterly · doi:10.1007/s11126-018-9604-5 · Cited by 15
Voluntary exercise or systemic propranolol ameliorates stress-related maladaptive behaviors in female rats
Robinson, S., Christ, C. C., Cahill, M. M., Aldrich, S. J., & Taylor-Yeremeeva, E. M. (2018) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.10.012 · Cited by 14
Posttraumatic growth-oriented peer-based training among U.S. veterans: evaluation of post-intervention and long-term follow-up outcomes
Rhodes, J. R., Tedeschi, R. G., Moore, B. A., Alldredge, C. T., & Elkins, G. R. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1322837 · Cited by 23
A dynamical systems analysis of change in PTSD symptoms, depression symptoms, and suicidal ideation among military personnel during treatment for PTSD
Bryan, C. J., Butner, J., Tabares, J. V., Brown, L. A., Young‐McCaughan, S., Hale, W. J., Litz, B. T., Yarvis, J. S., Fina, B. A., Foa, E. B., et al. (2024) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.107 · Cited by 12
Self-citation
A Meta-Analysis of Interpersonal and Psychodynamic Psychotherapies for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Keefe, J. R., Kimmel, D., & Weitz, E. S. (2024) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20230043 · Cited by 12
Massed Prolonged Exposure for PTSD in Two Firefighters: Preliminary Case Study Findings
Zwetzig, S. E., Koch, L. M., Blount, T. H., Graham, M. M., & Peterson, A. L. (2021) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/01454455211011977 · Cited by 12
Self-citation
Justice and equity in pragmatic clinical trials: Considerations for pain research within integrated health systems
Ali, J., Davis, A. F., Burgess, D. J., Rhon, D. I., Vining, R. D., Young‐McCaughan, S., Green, S., & Kerns, R. D. (2021) · Learning Health Systems · doi:10.1002/lrh2.10291 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Moving Toward and Through Trauma: Participant Experiences of Multi-Modal Motion-Assisted Memory Desensitization and Reconsolidation (3MDR)
Hamilton, T., Burback, L., Smith‐MacDonald, L., Jones, C., Brown, M. R. G., Mikolas, C., Tang, E., O’Toole, K., Vergis, P., Merino, A., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.779829 · Cited by 13
Longitudinal relationships among posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters in response to positive memory processing
Caldas, S. V., Fondren, A. H., Batley, P. N., & Contractor, A. A. (2022) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101752 · Cited by 12
Differential posttraumatic stress disorder symptom cluster response to stellate ganglion block: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial
Blakey, S. M., Olmsted, K. R., Hirsch, S. C., Asman, K., Wallace, D., Olmsted, M. G., Vandermaas-Peeler, R., Karg, R. S., & Walters, B. B. (2024) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-024-02926-8 · Cited by 12
Treating Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Presence of Acute Suicide Risk in Veterans and Active Duty Service Members
Holliday, R. P., Holder, N. D., Olson-Madden, J. H., & Monteith, L. L. (2019) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/nmd.0000000000001022 · Cited by 11
Management of Chronic Pain and PTSD in Veterans With tDCS+Prolonged Exposure: A Pilot Study
Hernandez‐Tejada, M. A., Cherry, K. E., Rauch, S. A. M., Acierno, R. E., Fries, G. R., Muzzy, W. A., Teng, E. J., Wangelin, B. C., & Ahn, H. B. (2022) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usac200 · Cited by 12
Temporal dynamics of trauma memory persistence
Bonsall, M. B., & Holmes, E. A. (2023) · Journal of The Royal Society Interface · doi:10.1098/rsif.2023.0108 · Cited by 11
A pilot randomized controlled trial of online written exposure therapy delivered by peer coaches to veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder
McLean, C. P., Malek, N., & Straud, C. L. (2024) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.23020 · Cited by 13
Self-citation
Military Culture Considerations in Prolonged Exposure Therapy With Active-Duty Military Service Members
Hall‐Clark, B. N., Wright, E. C., Fina, B. A., Blount, T. H., Evans, W. R., Carreño, P. K., Peterson, A. L., & Foa, E. B. (2019) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2018.07.009 · Cited by 12
Self-citation
Accelerated Resolution Therapy-Based Intervention in the Treatment of Acute Stress Reactions During Deployed Military Operations
Toukolehto, O. T., Waits, W. M., Preece, D. M., & Samsey, K. (2019) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usz315 · Cited by 11
The role of therapy delivery and clinic organizational factors in explaining therapist effects for trauma-focused psychotherapies in the Veterans Health Administration.
Sayer, N. A., Stirman, S. W., Rosen, C. S., Kehle‐Forbes, S., Spoont, M. R., Eftekhari, A., Chard, K. M., Kaplan, A. N., & Nelson, D. B. (2023) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/ccp0000832 · Cited by 10
Differences in International Guidelines Regarding EMDR for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Why They Diverge and Suggestions for Future Research
Dominguez, S. K., & Lee, C. W. (2019) · Journal of EMDR Practice and Research · doi:10.1891/1933-3196.13.4.247 · Cited by 10
It's about time: Examining the role of session timing in Cognitive Processing Therapy in active duty military personnel
Fleming, C. J. E., Hawrilenko, M., Wachen, J. S., Peterson, A. L., Yarvis, J. S., Borah, A. M., Litz, B. T., Young‐McCaughan, S., Hale, W. J., Mintz, J., et al. (2020) · Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2020.04.001 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Preliminary Effectiveness of Brief Prolonged Exposure Therapy for PTSD: Expanding Access to Effective Therapies
Booysen, D. D., & Kagee, A. (2021) · Clinical Case Studies · doi:10.1177/15346501211017989 · Cited by 12
Prevalence of Fibromyalgia Syndrome in Active‐Duty Military Personnel
Lawrence‐Wolff, K. M., Higgs, J. B., Young‐McCaughan, S., Mintz, J., Foa, E. B., Resick, P. A., Kelly, K. M., Maurer, D., Borah, A. M., Yarvis, J. S., et al. (2021) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.24801 · Cited by 11
Self-citation
Preliminary evidence for the effectiveness of concurrent exposure and response prevention for OCD and prolonged exposure for PTSD
Pinciotti, C. M., Post, L. M., Miron, L. R., Wetterneck, C. T., & Riemann, B. C. (2022) · Journal of Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jocrd.2022.100742 · Cited by 11
Guilt in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Active Duty Military Personnel
McLean, C. P., Zandberg, L. J., Brown, L. A., Zang, Y., Benhamou, K., Dondanville, K. A., Yarvis, J. S., Litz, B. T., Mintz, J., Young‐McCaughan, S., et al. (2019) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22416 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
The efficacy of written exposure therapy versus imaginal exposure delivered online for posttraumatic stress disorder: Design of a randomized controlled trial in Veterans
McLean, C. P., Miller, M. L., Gengler, R., Henderson, J., & Sloan, D. M. (2020) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2020.105990 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Moderators of PTSD symptom change in group cognitive behavioral therapy and group present centered therapy
Beck, J. G., Clapp, J. D., Unger, W. S., Wattenberg, M. S., & Sloan, D. M. (2021) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102386 · Cited by 10
Intensive outpatient treatment for PTSD: a pilot feasibility study combining prolonged exposure therapy, EMDR, physical activity, and psychoeducation
Auren, T. J. B., Jensen, A. G., Klæth, J. R., Maksic, E., & Solem, S. (2021) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2021.1917878 · Cited by 10
Written exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress symptoms and suicide risk: Design and methodology of a randomized controlled trial with patients on a military psychiatric inpatient unit
Marx, B. P., Fina, B. A., Sloan, D. M., Young‐McCaughan, S., Dondanville, K. A., Tyler, H. C., Blankenship, A. E., Schrader, C. C., Kaplan, A. M., Green, V. R., et al. (2021) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2021.106564 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Temporal-dimensional examination of the Scale for Suicidal Ideation in a cohort of service members in treatment for PTSD.
Butner, J., Bryan, C. J., Tabares, J. V., Brown, L. A., Young‐McCaughan, S., Hale, W. J., Mintz, J., Litz, B. T., Yarvis, J. S., Fina, B. A., et al. (2021) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0001030 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Open Trial of Trauma-Focused Psychodynamic Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among LGBTQ Individuals
Keefe, J. R., Louka, C., Moreno, A., Spellun, J., Zonana, J., & Milrod, B. L. (2023) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.20220037 · Cited by 9
Massed cognitive processing therapy for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder: Study design and methodology of a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial
Wachen, J. S., Morris, K. L., Galovski, T. E., Dondanville, K. A., Resick, P. A., & Schwartz, C. (2023) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2023.107405 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
An accelerated, weekend-based, prolonged exposure therapy program for veterans and service members with posttraumatic stress disorder
Goetter, E. M., Tanev, K. S., Lynch, E. A., Lento, R. M., Blackburn, A. M., Mamon, D., Pique, T., & Spencer, T. (2021) · Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.jbct.2021.02.001 · Cited by 9
Investigation of a Capnometry Guided Respiratory Intervention in the Treatment of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
Ostacher, M. J., Fischer, E. G., Bowen, E. R., Lyu, J., Robbins, D. J., & Suppes, T. M. (2021) · Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback · doi:10.1007/s10484-021-09521-3 · Cited by 10
Aggression and violent behavior in the military: Self-reported conflict tactics in a sample of service members and veterans seeking treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder
Straud, C. L., Resick, P. A., Foa, E. B., Back, S. E., Monson, C. M., McLean, C. P., Flanagan, J. C., Wachen, J. S., McMahon, C. J., Schuhmann, B. B., et al. (2022) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2022.101734 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
To expose or not to expose? The integrative therapist and posttraumatic stress disorder.
Dimaggio, G. (2019) · Journal of Psychotherapy Integration · doi:10.1037/int0000138 · Cited by 9
Healthcare cost reduction and psychiatric symptom improvement in posttraumatic stress disorder patients treated with intensive short-term dynamic psychotherapy
Roggenkamp, H., Abbass, A. A., Town, J. M., Kisely, S. R., & Johansson, R. (2019) · European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation · doi:10.1016/j.ejtd.2019.100122 · Cited by 9
Implementation of Prolonged Exposure for PTSD: Pilot Program of PE for Primary Care in VA
Rauch, S. A. M., Wilson, C. K., Jungerman, J., Bollini, A. M., & Eilender, P. (2020) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2020.09.004 · Cited by 9
Interpersonal Psychotherapy of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder for Veterans and Family Members: An Open Trial
Pickover, A. M., Lowell, A. M., Lazarov, A., Lopez-Yianilos, A., Sánchez-Lacay, A., Ryba, M., Such, S., Arnon, S., Amsalem, D., Neria, Y., et al. (2021) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/appi.ps.202000355 · Cited by 10
Internet-delivered exposure therapy versus internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy for panic disorder: A pilot randomized controlled trial
Stech, E. P., Chen, A. Z., Sharrock, M. J., Grierson, A. B., Upton, E. L., Mahoney, A., Grisham, J. R., & Newby, J. M. (2021) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102382 · Cited by 9
A case series examining PTSD and depression symptom reductions over the course of a 2-week virtual intensive PTSD treatment program for veterans.
Held, P., Coleman, J. A., Petrey, K., Klassen, B. J., Pridgen, S., Bravo, K., Smith, D. L., & Horn, R. V. (2021) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0001106 · Cited by 9
Examining attendance patterns across integrated therapies for posttraumatic stress disorder and alcohol use disorder
Straus, E., Worley, M. J., Lyons, R. C., Kline, A. C., Tripp, J. C., Davis, B. C., Haller, M. M., Angkaw, A. C., Trim, R. S., & Norman, S. B. (2021) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102498 · Cited by 10
Relationship between change in in-vivo exposure distress and PTSD symptoms during exposure therapy for active duty soldiers
Norr, A. M., Bourassa, K. J., Stevens, E. S., Hawrilenko, M. J., Michael, S. T., & Reger, G. M. (2019) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2019.06.013 · Cited by 9
Moral Injury and Moral Healing in Prolonged Exposure for Combat-Related PTSD: A Case Study
Evans, W. R., Russell, L. H., Hall‐Clark, B. N., Fina, B. A., Brown, L. A., Foa, E. B., & Peterson, A. L. (2021) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2020.12.006 · Cited by 14
Self-citation
Chronic post-traumatic stress in mothers of very low birth weight preterm infants born before 32 weeks of gestation
(2020) · Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria · doi:10.5546/aap.2020.eng.306 · Cited by 8
Assessment and Treatment of Combat-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Results from STRONG STAR and the Consortium to Alleviate PTSD
Peterson, A. L., Niles, B. L., Young‐McCaughan, S., & Keane, T. M. (2021) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.96323 · Cited by 9
Self-citation
Intensive Outpatient Program Using Prolonged Exposure for Combat-Related PTSD: A Case Study
Straud, C. L., Blount, T. H., Foa, E. B., Brown, L. A., McLean, C. P., McGeary, C. A., Koch, L. M., Schobitz, R. P., & Peterson, A. L. (2021) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2021.06.001 · Cited by 8
Self-citation
Massed Cognitive Processing Therapy in Active-Duty Military: A Case Series
Morris, K. L., Schwartz, C., Galovski, T. E., Dondanville, K. A., & Wachen, J. S. (2022) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2022.04.004 · Cited by 8
Self-citation
Predictors of treatment completion in group psychotherapy for male veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder
Stoycos, S. A., Berzenski, S. R., Beck, J. G., Unger, W. S., Cappellano, J. M., Spofford, C. M., & Sloan, D. M. (2023) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22915 · Cited by 10
Depression Suppresses Treatment Response for Traumatic Loss–Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Active Duty Military Personnel
Jacoby, V. M., Hale, W. J., Dillon, K. H., Dondanville, K. A., Wachen, J. S., Yarvis, J. S., Litz, B. T., Mintz, J., Young‐McCaughan, S., Peterson, A. L., et al. (2019) · Journal of Traumatic Stress · doi:10.1002/jts.22441 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Quetiapine augmentation of prolonged exposure therapy in veterans with PTSD and a history of mild traumatic brain injury: design and methodology of a pilot study
Baig, M. R., Beck, R. D., Wilson, J. L., Lemmer, J. A., Meraj, A., Meyer, E. C., Mintz, J., Peterson, A. L., & Roache, J. D. (2020) · Military Medical Research · doi:10.1186/s40779-020-00278-0 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Disability Status Attenuates Treatment Effects in an Intensive Outpatient Program for PTSD
Hoyt, T., & Shumaker, B. E. S. (2021) · Military Medicine · doi:10.1093/milmed/usaa394 · Cited by 7
The Redesign and Validation of Multimodal Motion-Assisted Memory Desensitization and Reconsolidation Hardware and Software: Mixed Methods, Modified Delphi–Based Validation Study
Jones, C., Smith‐MacDonald, L., Brown, M. R. G., VanDehy, J., Grunnet-Jepsen, R., Ordek, V. P., Kruger, S. E., Gerhart, A. A., van Veelen, N., Nijdam, M. J., et al. (2022) · JMIR Human Factors · doi:10.2196/33682 · Cited by 8
Randomized clinical trial of capnometry-assisted respiratory training in veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder hyperarousal.
Jamison, A. L., Slightam, C. A., Bertram, F., Kim, S., & Roth, W. T. (2019) · Psychological Trauma Theory Research Practice and Policy · doi:10.1037/tra0000525 · Cited by 7
Launching a Competency-Based Training Program in Evidence-Based Treatments for PTSD: Supporting Veteran-Serving Mental Health Providers in Texas
Dondanville, K. A., Fina, B. A., Straud, C. L., Finley, E. P., Tyler, H. C., Jacoby, V. M., Blount, T. H., Moring, J. C., Pruiksma, K. E., Blankenship, A. E., et al. (2020) · Community Mental Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10597-020-00676-7 · Cited by 7
Self-citation

Authors: Foa, E. B., McLean, C. P., Zang, Y., Rosenfield, D., Yadin, E., Yarvis, J. S., Mintz, J., Young-McCaughan, S., Borah, E. V., Dondanville, K. A., Fina, B. A., Hall-Clark, B. N., Lichner, T., Litz, B. T., Roache, J., Wright, E. C., Peterson, A. L., & for the STRONG STAR Consortium
Affiliations: University of Pennsylvania (US)
VA Palo Alto Health Care System (US)
Southern Methodist University (US)
Carl R. Darnall Army Medical Center (US)
The University of Texas at San Antonio Health Science Center (US)
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
Boston University (US)
Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: Foa, Edna B.
ORCID: Foa, Edna B.
McLean, Carmen P.
Zang, Yinyin
Rosenfield, David
Yarvis, Jeffrey S.
Mintz, Jim
Borah, Elisa V.
Dondanville, Katherine A.
Fina, Brooke A.
Litz, Brett T.
Roache, John
Wright, Edward C.
Peterson, Alan L.
Venue: JAMA
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2018-01-23
Volume: 319
Issue: 4
Pages: 354
ISSN: 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
0098-7484
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2017.21242
PMC: PMC5833566
OpenAlex: W2787126648
Cited by: 357
References: 41
Citations by year: 2026: 32 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 45 · 2021: 49 · 2020: 53 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 19
FWCI: 48.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: JAMA (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: U.S. Department of Defense (W81XWH‐08‐02‐0114, W81XWH-08-02-0111, W81XWH, W81XWH-08-02-109)
U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
University of Pennsylvania
Strong
University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio
Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs (W81XWH-08-02-109, W81XWH-08-02-0111, W81XWH-08-02-0114)
Medical Research and Materiel Command (W81XWH-08-02-109, W81XWH‐08‐02‐0111, W81XWH‐08‐02‐0114)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Keywords: post-traumatic stress disorder, prolonged exposure therapy, present-centered therapy, military personnel, Iraq and Afghanistan veterans, PTSD symptom severity, treatment duration, non-inferiority, telephone-delivered therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, trauma-focused psychotherapy
MeSH terms: Adult, Female, Humans, Implosive Therapy, Male, Military Personnel, Psychotherapy, Severity of Illness Index, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Time Factors, Linear Models, Iraq War, 2003-2011, Afghan Campaign 2001-

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Effect of Prolonged Exposure Therapy Delivered Over 2 Weeks vs 8 Weeks vs Present-Centered Therapy on PTSD Symptom Severity in Military Personnel: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks