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Cited by 232Health disparities and outcomesIncome, Poverty, and InequalityInsurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 31 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Association of household income with life expectancy and cause-specific mortality in Norway, 2005–2015

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Kinge, Jonas Minet, Modalsli, Jørgen Heibø, Øverland, Simon, Gjessing, Håkon Kristian, Tollånes, Mette Christophersen, Knudsen, Ann Kristin, Skirbekk, Vegard, Strand, Bjørn Heine, Håberg, Siri Eldevik, Vollset, Stein Emil·2019·JAMA
DOI 10.1001/jama.2019.4329PMC PMC6515574
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Abstract

Importance: Examining causes of death and making comparisons across countries may increase understanding of the income-related differences in life expectancy. Objectives: To describe income-related differences in life expectancy and causes of death in Norway and to compare those differences with US estimates. Design and Setting: A registry-based study including all Norwegian residents aged at least 40 years from 2005 to 2015. Exposures: Household income adjusted for household size. Main Outcomes and Measures: Life expectancy at 40 years of age and cause-specific mortality. Results: In total, 3 041 828 persons contributed 25 805 277 person-years and 441 768 deaths during the study period (mean [SD] age, 59.3 years [13.6]; mean [SD] number of household members per person, 2.5 [1.3]). Life expectancy was highest for women with income in the top 1% (86.4 years [95% CI, 85.7-87.1]) which was 8.4 years (95% CI, 7.2-9.6) longer than women with income in the lowest 1%. Men with the lowest 1% income had the lowest life expectancy (70.6 years [95% CI, 69.6-71.6]), which was 13.8 years (95% CI, 12.3-15.2) less than men with the top 1% income. From 2005 to 2015, the differences in life expectancy by income increased, largely attributable to deaths from cardiovascular disease, cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and dementia in older age groups and substance use deaths and suicides in younger age groups. Over the same period, life expectancy for women in the highest income quartile increased 3.2 years (95% CI, 2.7-3.7), while life expectancy for women in the lowest income quartile decreased 0.4 years (95% CI, -1.0 to 0.2). For men, life expectancy increased 3.1 years (95% CI, 2.5-3.7) in the highest income quartile and 0.9 years (95% CI, 0.2-1.6) in the lowest income quartile. Differences in life expectancy by income levels in Norway were similar to differences observed in the United States, except that life expectancy was higher in Norway in the lower to middle part of the income distribution in both men and women. Conclusions and Relevance: In Norway, there were substantial and increasing gaps in life expectancy by income level from 2005 to 2015. The largest differences in life expectancy between Norway and United States were for individuals in the lower to middle part of the income distribution.

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  1. Strøm, 2004, Persons Without Registered Income or Fortune

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Metadata

Authors
Kinge, J. M., Modalsli, J. H., Øverland, S., Gjessing, H. K., Tollånes, M. C., Knudsen, A. K., Skirbekk, V., Strand, B. H., Håberg, S. E., & Vollset, S. E.
Affiliations
  • Norwegian Institute of Public Health (NO)
  • Statistics Norway (NO)
  • Norwegian Organization for Quality Improvement of Laboratory Examinations, Bergen, Norway
  • Oslo University Hospital (NO)
  • University of Washington (US)
Corresponding author
Kinge, Jonas Minet
ORCID
Venue
JAMA
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
2019-05-21
Volume
321
Issue
19
Pages
1916
ISSN
  • 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
  • 0098-7484
DOI
10.1001/jama.2019.4329
PMC
PMC6515574
OpenAlex
W2944893842
Cited by
232
References
32
Citations by year
2026: 31 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 47 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 6
FWCI
28.16
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • JAMA (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • NORA - Norwegian Open Research Archives (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Funders
  • Norges Forskningsråd (262030, 262700.)
  • Norwegian Institute of Public Health (262700)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Income, Poverty, and Inequality
  • Social Sciences › Demography › Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management
Keywords
household income, cause-specific mortality, income inequality, sex differences, cardiovascular mortality, cancer mortality, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dementia, suicide, Norway, United States comparison, older adults, young adults, women's health, men's health
MeSH terms
Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Cause of Death, Female, Humans, Income, Life Expectancy, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Norway, Registries, United States

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