Cited by 542Hearing Loss and RehabilitationHearing Impairment and CommunicationHearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics

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Hearing Loss in Children: A Review

Lieu, Judith E. C., Kenna, Margaret, Anne, Samantha, Davidson, Lisa·2020·JAMA

DOI 10.1001/jama.2020.17647

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Abstract

IMPORTANCE: Hearing loss in children is common and by age 18 years, affects nearly 1 of every 5 children. Without hearing rehabilitation, hearing loss can cause detrimental effects on speech, language, developmental, educational, and cognitive outcomes in children. OBSERVATIONS: Consequences of hearing loss in children include worse outcomes in speech, language, education, social functioning, cognitive abilities, and quality of life. Hearing loss can be congenital, delayed onset, or acquired with possible etiologies including congenital infections, genetic causes including syndromic and nonsyndromic etiologies, and trauma, among others. Evaluation of hearing loss must be based on suspected diagnosis, type, laterality and degree of hearing loss, age of onset, and additional variables such as exposure to cranial irradiation. Hearing rehabilitation for children with hearing loss may include use of hearing aids, cochlear implants, bone anchored devices, or use of assistive devices such as frequency modulating systems. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Hearing loss in children is common, and there has been substantial progress in diagnosis and management of these cases. Early identification of hearing loss and understanding its etiology can assist with prognosis and counseling of families. In addition, awareness of treatment strategies including the many hearing device options, cochlear implant, and assistive devices can help direct management of the patient to optimize outcomes.

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Authors: Lieu, J. E. C., Kenna, M., Anne, S., & Davidson, L.
Affiliations: Washington University in St. Louis (US)
Boston Children's Hospital (US)
Cleveland Clinic (US)
ORCID: Lieu, Judith E. C.
Kenna, Margaret
Anne, Samantha
Davidson, Lisa
Venue: JAMA
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2020-12-01
Volume: 324
Issue: 21
Pages: 2195
ISSN: 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
0098-7484
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2020.17647
OpenAlex: W3106805315
Cited by: 542
References: 96
Citations by year: 2026: 115 · 2025: 129 · 2024: 121 · 2023: 98 · 2022: 52 · 2021: 27
FWCI: 5.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: JAMA (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Hearing Impairment and Communication
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
Keywords: childhood hearing loss, hearing rehabilitation, cochlear implants, hearing aids, assistive listening devices, speech and language development, cognitive outcomes, congenital hearing loss, hearing loss etiology, cranial irradiation, early detection of hearing loss, family counseling
MeSH terms: Child, Child, Preschool, Cochlear Implants, Hearing Aids, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Language Development, Hearing Loss, Delayed Diagnosis

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