CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 361Smoking Behavior and CessationSubstance Abuse Treatment and OutcomesPrenatal Substance Exposure Effects

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 67 of the 77 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Treatment of Tobacco Smoking: A Review

Rigotti, Nancy A., Kruse, Gina R., Livingstone-Banks, Jonathan, Hartmann-Boyce, Jamie·2022·JAMA
DOI 10.1001/jama.2022.0395
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

IMPORTANCE: More deaths in the US are attributed to cigarette smoking each year than to any other preventable cause. Approximately 34 million people and an estimated 14% of adults in the US smoke cigarettes. If they stopped smoking, they could reduce their risk of tobacco-related morbidity and mortality and potentially gain up to 10 years of life. OBSERVATIONS: Tobacco smoking is a chronic disorder maintained by physical nicotine dependence and learned behaviors. Approximately 70% of people who smoke cigarettes want to quit smoking. However, individuals who attempt to quit smoking make an average of approximately 6 quit attempts before achieving long-term abstinence. Both behavioral counseling and pharmacotherapy while using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) products, varenicline, or bupropion are effective treatments when used individually, but they are most effective when combined. In a meta-analysis including 19 488 people who smoked cigarettes, the combination of medication and behavioral counseling was associated with a quit rate of 15.2% over 6 months compared with a quit rate of 8.6% with brief advice or usual care. The EAGLES trial, a randomized double-blind clinical trial of 8144 people who smoked, directly compared the efficacy and safety of varenicline, bupropion, nicotine patch, and placebo and found a significantly higher 6-month quit rate for varenicline (21.8%) than for bupropion (16.2%) and the nicotine patch (15.7%). Each therapy was more effective than placebo (9.4%). Combining a nicotine patch with other NRT products is more effective than use of a single NRT product. Combining drugs with different mechanisms of action, such as varenicline and NRT, has increased quit rates in some studies compared with use of a single product. Brief or intensive behavioral support can be delivered effectively in person or by telephone, text messages, or the internet. The combination of a clinician's brief advice to quit and assistance to obtain tobacco cessation treatment is effective when routinely administered to tobacco users in virtually all health care settings. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Approximately 34 million people in the US smoke cigarettes and could potentially gain up to a decade of life expectancy by stopping smoking. First-line therapy should include both pharmacotherapy and behavioral support, with varenicline or combination NRT as preferred initial interventions.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/jama.2022.0395

Cites

67 of 67 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 77 references

Research works printed but not linked: 8

  1. Heatherton, 1989, Measuring the heaviness of smoking: using self-reported time to the first cigarette of the day and number of cigarettes smoked per day., Br J Addict, 84, 791, 10.1111/add.1989.84.issue-7 · DOI
  2. Thomas, Comparative clinical effectiveness and safety of tobacco cessation pharmacotherapies and electronic cigarettes: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials., Addiction
  3. Walker, 2021, Cytisine versus varenicline for smoking cessation in New Zealand indigenous Maori: a randomized controlled trial., Addiction, 116, 2847, 10.1111/add.v116.10 · DOI
  4. Baker, 2021, Smoking treatment: a report card on progress and challenges., Annu Rev Clin Psychol, 17, 1, 10.1146/clinpsy.2021.17.issue-1 · DOI
  5. 2014, The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General.
  6. American Cancer Society, 2020, Cancer Facts & Figures 2020.
  7. 2020, Smoking Cessation: A Report of the Surgeon General—Executive Summary.
  8. McNeill, 2021, Vaping in England: An Evidence Update Including Vaping for Smoking Cessation, February 2021: A Report Commissioned by Public Health England

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 301–361 of 361

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Rigotti, N. A., Kruse, G. R., Livingstone-Banks, J., & Hartmann-Boyce, J.
Affiliations
  • Harvard University (US)
  • Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
ORCID
Venue
JAMA
Publisher
American Medical Association (AMA)
Published
2022-02-08
Volume
327
Issue
6
Pages
566
ISSN
  • 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
  • 0098-7484
DOI
10.1001/jama.2022.0395
OpenAlex
W4210930773
Cited by
361
References
77
Citations by year
2026: 82 · 2025: 86 · 2024: 95 · 2023: 74 · 2022: 24
FWCI
9.60
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • JAMA (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Smoking Behavior and Cessation
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Prenatal Substance Exposure Effects
Keywords
tobacco smoking cessation, nicotine dependence, varenicline, bupropion, nicotine replacement therapy, nicotine patch, behavioral counseling, combination pharmacotherapy, quit rates, brief advice
MeSH terms
Varenicline, Tobacco Smoking, Smoking Cessation Agents, Behavior Therapy, Drug Therapy, Combination, Humans, Smoking Cessation, Bupropion, Tobacco Use Cessation Devices, Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review