The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Efficacy of Risk-Reduction Counseling to Prevent Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Sexually Transmitted Diseases: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
CONTEXT: The efficacy of counseling to prevent infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) has not been definitively shown. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of 2 interactive HIV/STD counseling interventions with didactic prevention messages typical of current practice. DESIGN: Multicenter randomized controlled trial (Project RESPECT), with participants assigned to 1 of 3 individual face-to-face interventions. SETTING: Five public STD clinics (Baltimore, Md; Denver, Colo; Long Beach, Calif; Newark, NJ; and San Francisco, Calif) between July 1993 and September 1996. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 5758 heterosexual, HIV-negative patients aged 14 years or older who came for STD examinations. INTERVENTIONS: Arm 1 received enhanced counseling, 4 interactive theory-based sessions. Arm 2 received brief counseling, 2 interactive risk-reduction sessions. Arms 3 and 4 each received 2 brief didactic messages typical of current care. Arms 1, 2, and 3 were actively followed up after enrollment with questionnaires at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months and STD tests at 6 and 12 months. An intent-to-treat analysis was used to compare interventions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self-reported condom use and new diagnoses of STDs (gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, HIV) defined by laboratory tests. RESULTS: At the 3- and 6-month follow-up visits, self-reported 100% condom use was higher (P<.05) in both the enhanced counseling and brief counseling arms compared with participants in the didactic messages arm. Through the 6-month interval, 30% fewer participants had new STDs in both the enhanced counseling (7.2%; P= .002) and brief counseling (7.3%; P= .005) arms compared with those in the didactic messages arm (10.4%). Through the 12-month study, 20% fewer participants in each counseling intervention had new STDs compared with those in the didactic messages arm (P = .008). Consistently at each of the 5 study sites, STD incidence was lower in the counseling intervention arms than in the didactic messages intervention arm. Reduction of STD was similar for men and women and greater for adolescents and persons with an STD diagnosed at enrollment. CONCLUSIONS: Short counseling interventions using personalized risk reduction plans can increase condom use and prevent new STDs. Effective counseling can be conducted even in busy public clinics.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Although one large study in STI clinics (Project RESPECT) demonstrated that this approach was associated with lower acquisition of curable STIs (e.g., trichomoniasis, chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis) (5)”
From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [5]
Citations
Cites
Longitudinal Data Analysis for Discrete and Continuous Outcomes
Zeger, S. L., & Liang, K. (1986) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2531248 · Cited by 7,781
Schulz (1995) · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520290060030 · Cited by 5,634
Surrogate End Points in Clinical Trials: Are We Being Misled?
Fleming, T. R., & DeMets, D. L. (1996) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-125-7-199610010-00011 · Cited by 1,651
Wasserheit, J. N. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 1,245
Subverting Randomization in Controlled Trials
Schulz, K. F. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03530180050029 · Cited by 518
DiClemente, R. J. (1995) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03530160023028 · Cited by 504
Evidence for the Effects of HIV Antibody Counseling and Testing on Risk Behaviors
Higgins, D. L. (1991) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1991.03470170107033 · Cited by 432
Behavioral intervention to reduce AIDS risk activities.
Kelly, J. A., Lawrence, J. S. S., Hood, H. V., & Brasfield, T. L. (1989) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.57.1.60 · Cited by 402
Matching Alcoholism Treatments to Client Heterogeneity
(1998) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1097/00000374-199809000-00016 · Cited by 362
Reducing HIV Sexual Risk Behaviors Among Runaway Adolescents
Rotheram–Borus, M. J. (1991) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.266.9.1237 · Cited by 358
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Branson, B. M., Handsfield, H. H., Lampe, M. A., Janssen, R. S., Taylor, A. W., Lyss, S. B., & Clark, J. E. (2006) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e545592006-001 · Cited by 3,041
“Carefully controlled, theory-based prevention counseling in STD clinics has helped HIV-negative participants reduce their risk behaviors compared with participants who received only a didactic prevention message from health-care providers (90).”
Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021
Workowski, K. A., Bachmann, L. H., Chan, P. A., Johnston, C. M., Muzny, C. A., Park, I., Reno, H., Zenilman, J. M., & Bolan, G. A. (2021) · MMWR. Recommendations and Reports · doi:10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1 · Cited by 3,018
Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines
Burstein, G. R., & Workowski, K. (2003) · Current Opinion in Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00008480-200308000-00006 · Cited by 2,077
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2010
Workowski, K., & BOLAN, G. A. (2011) · Annals of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.04.006 · Cited by 2,074
Theories of reasoned action and planned behavior as models of condom use: A meta-analysis.
Albarracín, D., Johnson, B. T., Fishbein, M., & Muellerleile, P. A. (2001) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.127.1.142 · Cited by 1,806
Metadata
- Authors
- Kamb, M. L., Fishbein, M., Douglas, Jr., Rhodes, F., Rogers, J., Bolan, G., Zenilman, J., Hoxworth, T., Malotte, C. K., Iatesta, M., Kent, C., Lentz, A., Graziano, S., Byers, R. H., Peterman, T. A., & for the Project RESPECT Study Group
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 1998-10-07
- Volume
- 280
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 1161
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- OpenAlex
- W2153335467
- Cited by
- 973
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 49
- FWCI
- 29.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- JAMA (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Adolescent Sexual and Reproductive Health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Keywords
- HIV prevention, sexually transmitted infections, risk reduction counseling, condom use, STD incidence, gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, HIV, STD clinics, adolescents, HIV-negative patients, sexual behavior change
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Community Health Services, Counseling, Female, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, United States, HIV Infections
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
