Cited by 258Meta-analysis and systematic reviewsStatistical Methods in Clinical TrialsPharmaceutical industry and healthcare

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 33 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Physician Interpretations and Textbook Definitions of Blinding Terminology in Randomized Controlled Trials

Devereaux, P. J.·2001·JAMA

DOI 10.1001/jama.285.15.2000

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

CONTEXT: When clinicians assess the validity of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), they commonly evaluate the blinding status of individuals in the RCT. The terminology authors often use to convey blinding status (single, double, and triple blinding) may be open to various interpretations. OBJECTIVE: To determine physician interpretations and textbook definitions of RCT blinding terms. DESIGN AND SETTING: Observational study undertaken at 3 Canadian university tertiary care centers between February and May 1999. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-one internal medicine physicians who responded to a survey. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Respondents identified which of the following groups they thought were blinded in single-, double-, and triple-blinded RCTs: participants, health care providers, data collectors, judicial assessors of outcomes, data analysts, and personnel who write the article. Definitions from 25 systematically identified textbooks published since 1990 providing definitions for single, double, or triple blinding. RESULTS: Physician respondents identified 10, 17, and 15 unique interpretations of single, double, and triple blinding, respectively, and textbooks provided 5, 9, and 7 different definitions of each. The frequencies of the most common physician interpretation and textbook definition were 75% (95% confidence interval [CI], 65%-83%) and 74% (95% CI, 52%-90%) for single blinding, 38% (95% CI, 28%-49%) and 43% (95% CI, 24%-63%) for double blinding, and 18% (95% CI, 10%-28%) and 14% (95% CI, 0%-58%) for triple blinding, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that both physicians and textbooks vary greatly in their interpretations and definitions of single, double, and triple blinding. Explicit statements about the blinding status of specific groups involved in RCTs should replace the current ambiguous terminology.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1001/jama.285.15.2000

Cites

33 of 33 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Evidence-Based Medicine: How to Practice and Teach EBM
Sackett, D. L. (2000) · Cited by 5,950
Untitled work
Schulz (1995) · doi:10.1001/jama.1995.03520290060030 · Cited by 5,634
Does quality of reports of randomised trials affect estimates of intervention efficacy reported in meta-analyses?
Moher, D., Pham, B., Jones, A., Cook, D. J., Jadad, A. R., Moher, M., Tugwell, P., & Klassen, T. P. (1998) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(98)01085-x · Cited by 3,560
Improving the Quality of Reporting of Randomized Controlled Trials: The CONSORT Statement
Begg, C. (1996) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.1996.03540080059030 · Cited by 3,127
Clinical Epidemiology: The Essentials.
(1991) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-114-9-825_10 · Cited by 1,838
Research Methods in Health
Bowling, A. (1998) · Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1027//0269-8803.14.2.126 · Cited by 1,443
Users' Guides to the Medical Literature
Guyatt, G. H. (1993) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.270.21.2598 · Cited by 1,185
A Network Algorithm for Performing Fisher's Exact Test in r × c Contingency Tables
Mehta, C. R., & Patel, N. R. (1983) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1983.10477989 · Cited by 898
Effect of encouragement on walking test performance.
Guyatt, G. H., Pugsley, S. O., Sullivan, M. J., Thompson, P. J., Berman, L., Jones, N. L., Fallen, E. L., & Taylor, D. W. (1984) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thx.39.11.818 · Cited by 816
How to read a paper: The basics of evidence-based medicine
(1998) · Air Medical Journal · doi:10.1016/s1067-991x(98)90091-8 · Cited by 720

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 34 references

1 of the 34 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

Items 101–200 of 258

Ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (CONSORT)
Cobos-Carbó, A. (2005) · Medicina Clínica · doi:10.1016/s0025-7753(05)72205-3 · Cited by 43
Who knew? The misleading specificity of “double-blind” and what to do about it
Lang, T. A., & Stroup, D. F. (2020) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-020-04607-5 · Cited by 41
Perceptions and Competence in Evidence-Based Medicine
Poolman, R. W., Farrokhyar, F., Bhandari, M., Sierevelt, I. N., Blankevoort, L., & Mazel, J. A. (2007) · Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery · doi:10.2106/00004623-200701000-00028 · Cited by 39
Systematic Evaluation of the Quality of Randomized Controlled Trials in Diabetes
Montori, V. M., Wang, Y. G., Alonso‐Coello, P., & Bhagra, S. (2006) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc06-0077 · Cited by 38
Risk of bias assessments for blinding of participants and personnel in Cochrane reviews were frequently inadequate
Barčot, O., Borić, M., Došenović, S., Peričić, T. P., Ćavar, M., & Puljak, L. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2019.05.012 · Cited by 38
Rationale and Methods for a Trial Assessing Placebo, Echinacea, and Doctor-Patient Interaction in the Common Cold
Barrett, B. P., Rakel, D., Chewning, B. A., Marchand, L. R., Rabago, D., Brown, R., Scheder, J. C., Schmidt, R., Gern, J. E., Bone, K. M., et al. (2007) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2007.08.001 · Cited by 39
The International Society for the Study of the Lumbar Spine
Wai, E. K., Vexler, L., & Fraser, R. D. (2006) · Spine · doi:10.1097/01.brs.0000249552.62587.73 · Cited by 37
Magnitude of benefit for topical crisaborole in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children and adults does not look promising: a critical appraisal
Ahmed, A. I., Šolman, L., & Williams, H. C. (2017) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/bjd.16046 · Cited by 36
The impact of blinding on trial results: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
(2023) · doi:10.1002/cesm.12015 · Cited by 35
Perceptions and Competence in Evidence-Based Medicine: A Survey of the American Urological Association Membership
Dahm, P., Poolman, R. W., Bhandari, M., Fesperman, S. F., Baum, J., Kosiak, B., Carrick, T., & Preminger, G. M. (2008) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/j.juro.2008.10.031 · Cited by 35
Evidence Based Clinical Practice: A Primer for Urologists
Scales, C. D., Preminger, G. M., Keitz, S. A., & Dahm, P. (2007) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/j.juro.2007.05.020 · Cited by 35
Sublingual immunotherapy: efficacy – methodology and outcome of clinical trials
Malling, H. (2006) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01158.x · Cited by 34
Letter to the editor
Bhandari, M., Richards, R. R., Sprague, S., & Schemitsch, E. H. (2001) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/s0197-2456(01)00147-7 · Cited by 34
The reporting quality, scientific rigor, and ethics of randomized placebo-controlled trials of traditional Chinese medicine compound formulations and the differences between Chinese and non-Chinese trials
Zhong, Y., Fu, J., Liu, X., Diao, X., Mao, B., Fan, T., Yang, H., Liu, G., & Zhang, W. (2010) · Current Therapeutic Research · doi:10.1016/j.curtheres.2010.02.001 · Cited by 33
Don't be misled by the orthopedic literature : Tips for critical appraisal
Poolman, R. W., Kerkhoffs, G. M. M. J., Struijs, P. A. A., Bhandari, M., & Evid, O. B. O. T. I. (2007) · Acta Orthopaedica · doi:10.1080/17453670710013636 · Cited by 33
Randomized Controlled Trials and Challenge Trials: Design and Criterion for Validity
Sargeant, J. M., Kelton, D. F., & O'Connor, A. M. C. (2014) · Zoonoses and Public Health · doi:10.1111/zph.12126 · Cited by 31
Reporting of methods was better in the Clinical Trials Registry-India than in Indian journal publications
Tharyan, P., George, A. T., Kirubakaran, R., & Barnabas, J. P. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.11.011 · Cited by 30
Randomised controlled trials in orthopaedic surgery and traumatology: Overview of parameters and pitfalls
Soucacos, P. N., Johnson, E. O., & Babis, G. C. (2008) · Injury · doi:10.1016/j.injury.2008.02.011 · Cited by 30
"Double blind, you are the weakest link -- goodbye!"
Devereaux, P. J. (2002) · BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1136/ebm.7.1.4 · Cited by 29
Self-citation
Attrition and Non-Compliance in Secondary Stroke Prevention Trials
Gencheva, E., Sloan, M., Leurgans, S. E., Raman, R., Harris, Y., & Gorelick, P. B. (2004) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000073976 · Cited by 29
Efficacy and safety of permethrin 5% topical gel vs. placebo for rosacea: a double‐blind randomized controlled clinical trial
Raoufinejad, K., Mansouri, P., Rajabi, M., Naraghi, Z. S., & Jebraeili, R. (2016) · Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology · doi:10.1111/jdv.13801 · Cited by 27
Definitions of blinding in randomised controlled trials of interventions published in high-impact anaesthesiology journals: a methodological study and survey of authors
Penić, A., Begić, D., Balajić, K., Kowalski, M., Marušić, A., & Puljak, L. (2020) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-035168 · Cited by 26
Investigating the effectiveness of online interactive courses on loneliness and quality of life of older adults in the community during the COVID ‐19 pandemic: A pilot study and a randomized controlled trial
Yang, S., Yang, C., Lee, Y., Hsieh, P., & Lin, Y. (2022) · Geriatrics and gerontology international/Geriatrics & gerontology international · doi:10.1111/ggi.14526 · Cited by 25
Meta-Epidemiology
Bae, J. (2014) · Epidemiology and Health · doi:10.4178/epih/e2014019 · Cited by 25
Worldwide trends in volume and quality of published protocols of randomized controlled trials
van Rosmalen, B. V., Alldinger, I., Cieslak, K. P., Wennink, R. A. W., Clarke, M. J., Ali, U. A., & Besselink, M. G. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0173042 · Cited by 25
Reporting Quality of Journal Abstracts for Surgical Randomized Controlled Trials Before and After the Implementation of the CONSORT Extension for Abstracts
Speich, B., Cord, K. A. M., Agarwal, A., Gloy, V., Gryaznov, D., Moffa, G., Hopewell, S., & Briel, M. (2019) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00268-019-05064-1 · Cited by 23
Methodologic Issues in Randomized Controlled Trials of Surgical Interventions
Devereaux, P. J., McKee, M. D., & Yusuf, S. (2003) · Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research · doi:10.1097/01.blo.0000080539.81794.54 · Cited by 23
Self-citation
Considerations for open-label randomized clinical trials: Design, conduct, and analysis
Higgins, K. M., Levin, G., & Busch, R. S. (2024) · Clinical Trials · doi:10.1177/17407745241244788 · Cited by 21
The need for education in evidence-based orthopedicsAn international survey of AO course participants
Hanson, B., Bhandari, M., Audigé, L., & Helfet, D. L. (2004) · Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica · doi:10.1080/00016470410001277 · Cited by 22
Corticosteroids for treating sepsis in children and adults
Annane, D., Briegel, J., Granton, D., Bellissant, É., Bollaert, P., Keh, D., Kupfer, Y. Y., Pirracchio, R., & Rochwerg, B. N. (2025) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd002243.pub5 · Cited by 23
Randomized Controlled Trials
McCarthy, C. M. (2011) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0b013e31820da3eb · Cited by 21
Randomization in surgical trials
Hall, J. C., & Hall, J. L. (2002) · Surgery · doi:10.1016/s0039-6060(02)00119-8 · Cited by 19
How to Use an Article About Therapy
Bajammal, S., Dahm, P., Scarpero, H. M., Orovan, W., & Bhandari, M. (2008) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/j.juro.2008.07.026 · Cited by 20
PEDro scale can only rate what papers report
Moseley, A. M., Herbert, R., Maher, C. G., Sherrington, C., & Elkins, M. R. (2008) · Australian Journal of Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/s0004-9514(08)70017-5 · Cited by 18
Blinding terminology used in reports of randomized controlled trials involving dogs and cats
Giuffrida, M. A., Agnello, K. A., & Brown, D. C. (2012) · Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association · doi:10.2460/javma.241.9.1221 · Cited by 17
Challenges in herbal research: A randomized clinical trial to assess blinding with ginger
Zick, S. M., Blume, A., Normolle, D. P., & Ruffin, M. T. (2005) · Complementary Therapies in Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2005.04.001 · Cited by 16
‘Allocation concealment’: the evolution and adoption of a methodological term
Schulz, K. F., Chalmers, I., Altman, D. G., Grimes, D. A., Moher, D., & Hayes, R. (2018) · Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · doi:10.1177/0141076818776604 · Cited by 16
Reporting Quality and Information Consistency of Randomized, Controlled Trials Presented as Abstracts at the American Urological Association Annual Meetings
Turpen, R. M., Fesperman, S. F., Smith, W. A., Vieweg, J., & Dahm, P. (2010) · The Journal of Urology · doi:10.1016/j.juro.2010.03.045 · Cited by 16
Estudios Experimentales 1 Parte: El Ensayo Clínico
Manterola, C., & Otzen, T. (2015) · International Journal of Morphology · doi:10.4067/s0717-95022015000100054 · Cited by 15
Pharmaceutical and clinical studies of celecoxib topical hydrogel for management of chemotherapy-induced hand-foot syndrome
Shayeganmehr, D., Ramezannia, F., Gharib, B., Rezaeilaal, A., Shahi, F., Jafariazar, Z., & Afshar, M. (2022) · Naunyn-Schmiedeberg s Archives of Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00210-022-02339-8 · Cited by 15
Reporting Methodological Items in Randomized Experiments in Political Science
Boutron, I., John, P., & Torgerson, D. (2010) · The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science · doi:10.1177/0002716209351518 · Cited by 15
A meta-epidemiological study of bias in randomized clinical trials of open and laparoscopic surgery
Amer, M., Herbison, P., Grainger, S., Khoo, C. H., Smith, M. D., & McCall, J. L. (2021) · British journal of surgery · doi:10.1093/bjs/znab035 · Cited by 14
Design considerations for randomised trials in orthopaedic fracture surgery
Simunovic, N., Devereaux, P. J., & Bhandari, M. (2008) · Injury · doi:10.1016/j.injury.2008.02.012 · Cited by 13
Self-citation
Double blind, you have been voted off the island!
Devereaux, P. J., Bhandari, M., Montori, V. M., Manns, B., Ghali, W. A., & Guyatt, G. H. (2002) · Evidence-Based Mental Health · doi:10.1136/ebmh.5.2.36 · Cited by 14
Self-citation
How to Appraise the Effectiveness of Treatment
Bhandari, M., & Haynes, R. (2005) · World Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1007/s00268-005-7915-9 · Cited by 15
Classification systems to improve assessment of risk of bias
Boutron, I., & Ravaud, P. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.09.006 · Cited by 13
Methodology and quality of immunotherapy trials
Malling, H. (2004) · Allergy · doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00501.x · Cited by 12
The quality of randomised controlled trials involving surgery from the hand to the elbow
Kim, J. M., Zimmerman, R. M., Jones, C. M., Muhit, A. A., Higgins, J. P., & Means, K. R. (2017) · The Bone & Joint Journal · doi:10.1302/0301-620x.99b1.bjj-2016-0400.r1 · Cited by 11
Future Directions for Surgical Trial Designs in Trigeminal Neuralgia
Zakrzewska, J. M., & Relton, C. (2016) · Neurosurgery Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.nec.2016.02.011 · Cited by 11
Extensive Evaluation via Blinded Testing of an UHPLC-MS/MS Method for Quantitation of Ten Ergot Alkaloids in Rye and Wheat Grains
Tkachenko, A., Benson, K., Mostrom, M. S., Guag, J., Reimschuessel, R., & Webb, B. T. (2020) · Journal of AOAC International · doi:10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa173 · Cited by 11
Thoughtful Selection and Use of Scientific Terms in Clinical Research: The Case of ‘Pragmatic’ Trials
Dal‐Ré, R., Mentz, R. J., & Rosendaal, F. R. (2021) · Journal of Investigative Medicine · doi:10.1136/jim-2021-001789 · Cited by 11
Evidence based evaluation of immuno-coagulatory interventions in critical care.
Afshari, A. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 11
El ciego en los ensayos clínicos ¿importa?
Luz María Letelier, S., Manríquez, J. J., & GoA, J. C. C. (2004) · Revista médica de Chile · doi:10.4067/s0034-98872004000900016 · Cited by 11
Future Research in Acupuncture: Better Design and Analysis for Novel and Valid Findings
Asakawa, T., & Xia, Y. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-3357-6_23 · Cited by 10
Development and Evaluation of a Pedagogical Tool to Improve Understanding of a Quality Checklist: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Fourcade, L., Boutron, I., Moher, D., Ronceray, L., Baron, G., & Ravaud, P. (2007) · PLoS Clinical Trials · doi:10.1371/journal.pctr.0020022 · Cited by 10
Double blind, you are the weakest link ‐ goodbye!
Devereaux, P. J., Bhandari, M., Montori, V. M., Manns, B., Ghali, W. A., & Guyatt, G. H. (2005) · Equine Veterinary Journal · doi:10.2746/042516405775314916 · Cited by 10
Self-citation
Teaching Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine: 4. Appraising the Evidence for Papers on Therapy
Wilson, K., Mills, E., Ross, C. P., & Guyatt, G. (2002) · Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine · doi:10.1089/107555302320825192 · Cited by 11
Good Scientific Practice and Ethics in Sports and Exercise Science: A Brief and Comprehensive Hands-on Appraisal for Sports Research
Arora, N. K., Röhrken, G., Crumbach, S., Phatak, A. A., Labott, B. K., Nicklas, A., Wicker, P. V., & Donath, L. (2023) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports11020047 · Cited by 9
Clinical efficacy of a topical polyherbal formulation in the management of fluorouracil -associated hand-foot syndrome
Karimi, E., Gharib, B., Rostami, N., Navidpour, L., & Afshar, M. (2019) · Journal of Herbal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.hermed.2019.100270 · Cited by 9
Assessing the risk of performance and detection bias in Cochrane reviews as a joint domain is less accurate compared to two separate domains
Barčot, O., Borić, M., Došenović, S., & Puljak, L. (2021) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/s12874-021-01339-1 · Cited by 9
Quality analysis of randomized controlled trials reporting in the field of pediatrics by Indonesian researchers
Hendarto, A., Yosia, M., & Sastroasmoro, S. (2018) · Journal of Evidence-Based Medicine · doi:10.1111/jebm.12328 · Cited by 9
Randomized Controlled Trials in Interventional Spine: Perils and Pitfalls
Lenrow, D. A. (2003) · Pain Physician · doi:10.36076/ppj.2003/6/83 · Cited by 9
Análisis crítico de ensayos clínicos randomizados publicados en revistas biomédicas chilenas
Manríquez, J. J., Valdivia, G. G., Gabriel Rada, G., & Luz María Letelier, S. (2005) · Revista médica de Chile · doi:10.4067/s0034-98872005000400007 · Cited by 10
Published reports of acupuncture trials showed important limitations
Manheimer, E. W., Ezzo, J., Hadhazy, V., & Berman, B. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2005.06.003 · Cited by 9
Evaluating the completeness of the reporting of abstracts since the publication of the CONSORT extension for abstracts: an evaluation of randomized controlled trial in ten nursing journals
He, Y., Zhang, R., Shan, W., Yin, Y., Zhang, X., Zhang, Y., & Wang, X. (2023) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-023-07419-5 · Cited by 8
Effective Synthesized/preappraised Evidence Formats in Emergency Medicine and the Use of Supplemental Knowledge Translation Techniques
Rowe, B. H., Diner, B. M., Camargo, C. A., Worster, A., Colacone, A., Wyer, P. C., & Members, K. T.-C. C. T. I. (2007) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2007.tb02383.x · Cited by 8
Doble ciego. El control de los sesgos en la realización de ensayos clínicos. Contradicciones, insuficiencias e implicaciones
Martín, J. L. R., & Collado, A. C. (2002) · Medicina Clínica · doi:10.1016/s0025-7753(02)72329-4 · Cited by 8
Criteria of Good English Textbook for Students: A Senior English Textbook Analysis
Akhmad, E., Saleh, Y. R., & Pakaya, S. (2022) · ELOQUENCE Journal of Foreign Language · doi:10.58194/eloquence.v1i3.454 · Cited by 8
Information on blinding in registered records of clinical trials
Viergever, R. F., & Ghersi, D. (2012) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-13-210 · Cited by 8
Disorders of Consciousness
Schiff, N. D., & Fins, J. J. (2007) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/s0025-6196(11)61007-0 · Cited by 8
The reporting of blinding in orthodontic randomized controlled trials: where do we stand?
Abdulraheem, S., & Bondemark, L. (2019) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjy021 · Cited by 8
Efficacy of topical Lawsonia inermis L. (Henna) hydrogel in fluorouracil-induced hand-foot syndrome: a pilot randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial
Mohajerani, R., Shahi, F., Jafariazar, Z., & Afshar, M. (2021) · Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology · doi:10.1080/15569527.2021.1940194 · Cited by 8
Blinding is better than masking
Schulz, K. F., Altman, D. G., & Moher, D. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39199.461644.3a · Cited by 8
User's guide to the chiropractic literature-IA: how to use an article about therapy.
Busse, J., Guyatt, G., Bhandari, M., & Cassidy, J. (2003) · Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0161-4754(03)00012-5 · Cited by 6
High dose esomeprazole as an anti-inflammatory agent in sepsis: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Monti, G., Konkayev, A. K., Carta, S., Bradić, N., Bruni, A., Kotani, Y., Guarracino, F., Redkin, I. V., Biondi‐Zoccai, G., Benedetto, U., et al. (2023) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2023.107319 · Cited by 7
UNIVERSUM AFTER 32 YEARS OF ITS FOUNDATION: BIBLIOMETRIC AND RELATIONAL ANALYSIS
Uribe-Bahamonde, Y. E., & Herrera, C. D. (2019) · Universum · doi:10.4067/s0718-23762019000100217 · Cited by 6
Critical appraisal of the orthopaedic literature: therapeutic and economic analysis.
Busse, J., & Heetveld, M. (2006) · Injury · doi:10.1016/j.injury.2006.01.031 · Cited by 6
Is It Possible to Blind a Trial for Community‐Acquired Pneumonia?
Boucher, H. W. (2008) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/591428 · Cited by 6
Evaluating Clinical Research and Bloodletting. (Seriously)
Ilfeld, B. M., & Mariano, E. R. (2010) · Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine · doi:10.1097/aap.0b013e3181f2c474 · Cited by 6
Randomised Controlled Trials: Part 1, Design
Deane, K. H. (2006) · British Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.1177/030802260606900504 · Cited by 6
Interventional Study Designs
Thakur, N., & Shah, D. (2021) · Indian Pediatrics · doi:10.1007/s13312-021-2401-5 · Cited by 5
Vasopressin for the treatment of vasodilatory shock: an ESICM systematic review and a meta-analysis
Polito, A., Parisini, E., Ricci, Z., Picardo, S. G., & Annne, D. (2011) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc9512 · Cited by 5
The effect of blinding on estimates of mortality in randomised clinical trials of intensive care interventions: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis
Anthon, C. T., Granholm, A., Perner, A., Laake, J. H., & Møller, M. H. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016187 · Cited by 5
Abstracts of randomized controlled trials in splint therapy for temporomandibular disorders: Reporting quality and spin
Cheng, L., Zheng, Y., Weng, Y., Yi, Y., Zhou, X., Jiang, N., & Xiong, X. (2024) · Journal of Oral Rehabilitation · doi:10.1111/joor.13824 · Cited by 5
Evidence-based Plastic Surgery: Assessing Progress over Two 5-year Periods from 2009 to 2019
Mihailidis, T. H., & Al‐Benna, S. (2021) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery Global Open · doi:10.1097/gox.0000000000003337 · Cited by 4
Ensuring Inclusion of Research Reports in Systematic Reviews
Dijkers, M. P. J. M. (2009) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2009.04.026 · Cited by 4
Randomised Controlled Trials: Part 2, Reporting
Deane, K. H. (2006) · British Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.1177/030802260606900602 · Cited by 4
Issues in the Hierarchy of Study Design, Hypothesis Testing, and Presentation of Results
Bhandari, M., & Tornetta, P. (2004) · Techniques in Orthopaedics · doi:10.1097/00013611-200406000-00003 · Cited by 3
Reihe Epidemiologie 8: Verblindung in randomisierten Studien: Wie man verdeckt, wer was erhalten hat
Schulz, K. F., & Grimes, D. A. (2007) · Zeitschrift für ärztliche Fortbildung und Qualität im Gesundheitswesen - German Journal for Quality in Health Care · doi:10.1016/j.zgesun.2007.09.024 · Cited by 4
“Double blind, you are the weakest link — goodbye!”
Devereaux, P. J., Bhandari, M., Montori, V. M., Manns, B., Ghali, W. A., & Guyatt, G. H. (2002) · Evidence-Based Nursing · doi:10.1136/ebn.5.2.36 · Cited by 4
Self-citation
Kidney Cancer
Coppin, C., & Porzsolt, F. (2003) · Evidence-based Oncology · doi:10.1002/9780470987360.ch30 · Cited by 4
Allocation concealment and blinding in clinical trials
Cipriani, A., Nosè, M., & Barbui, C. (2008) · Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale · doi:10.1017/s1121189x00002797 · Cited by 3
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials - Critical Issues
Tharyan, P., & Adhikary, S. D. (2007) · Journal of Anaesthesiology Clinical Pharmacology · Cited by 3
Quality Assessment Of Clinical Trials
Moher, D. (2007) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9780471462422.eoct065 · Cited by 3
Clinical Trials in Urology
Scales, C. D., & Penson, D. F. (2010) · doi:10.1002/9781444323146.ch2 · Cited by 3
The blindness of blinding in clinical trials
Daya, S. (2004) · Evidence-based obstetrics and gynecology/Evidence-based obstetrics & gynecology · doi:10.1016/j.ebobgyn.2004.04.010 · Cited by 3
Blinding Protocols for Acquisition of Potentially Sensitive Food Safety Information
Magdovitz, B. F., Gummalla, S., Thippareddi, H., Hermida, M. G., & Harrison, M. A. (2020) · Journal of Food Protection · doi:10.4315/jfp-20-145 · Cited by 2
Ensayos clínicos aleatorizados
Cobos, A. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-84-8086-461-9.50013-8 · Cited by 2
Lack of blinding in a cloud of unknowing: What remains of antidepressants’ effectiveness?
Mommaerts, J.-L. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114609 · Cited by 2
Blindness
Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., & DeMets, D. L. (2010) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1586-3_7 · Cited by 2

Authors: Devereaux, P. J.
Affiliations: McMaster University (CA)
Corresponding author: Devereaux, P. J.
ORCID: Devereaux, P. J.
Venue: JAMA
Publisher: American Medical Association (AMA)
Published: 2001-04-18
Volume: 285
Issue: 15
Pages: 2000
ISSN: 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
0098-7484
DOI: 10.1001/jama.285.15.2000
OpenAlex: W2033289105
Cited by: 258
References: 34
Citations by year: 2025: 7 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 26.21
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: JAMA (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials
Health Sciences › Nursing › Issues, ethics and legal aspects › Pharmaceutical industry and healthcare
Keywords: blinding, double blinding, triple blinding, randomized controlled trials, physician interpretation, textbook definitions, trial validity, internists
MeSH terms: Double-Blind Method, Terminology as Topic, Publishing, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Single-Blind Method

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Physician Interpretations and Textbook Definitions of Blinding Terminology in Randomized Controlled Trials

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks