The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Time Trends in Primary HIV-1 Drug Resistance Among Recently Infected Persons
Abstract
CONTEXT: Transmission of multiclass drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) may increase with wider use of antiretroviral therapy. OBJECTIVE: To determine trends in prevalence of HIV-1 drug resistance among recently infected individuals in a geographic area with a high penetration of antiviral treatment. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS: Consecutive case series of 225 patients referred to a San Francisco, Calif, hospital with recent HIV-1 infection from June 1996 through June 2001. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Time trends in the prevalence of genotypic and phenotypic primary drug resistance. RESULTS: Mutations associated with resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) steadily increased from 0% in 1996-1997 to 12 (13.2%) in 2000-2001 (P =.01). There was 1 mutation associated with protease inhibitor resistance in 1996-1997 (2.5%) and there were 7 (7.7%) in 2000-2001 (P =.25). Genotypic resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) initially decreased and then returned to prior levels (P =.007 for test of homogeneity). Genotypic resistance to 2 or more classes of drugs increased from 1 (2.5%) to 12 (13.2%) (P =.004), but only 1 infection (1.2%) in the latter period was resistant to all 3 classes of agents (P =.58). Primary phenotypic resistance decreased for NRTIs from 21% to 6.2% (P =.03) and increased for NNRTIs from 0 to 8 (9.9%) (P =.02). Phenotypic resistance increased for protease inhibitors from 2.6% to 6.2% (P =.32). Median time to virologic suppression (<500 copies/mL) during therapy was 12 weeks for patients with genotypic evidence of resistance compared with 5 weeks for patients with drug-sensitive infections (P =.02). CONCLUSIONS: The frequency of primary resistance to NNRTIs is increasing, although resistance to all available classes of antiretroviral therapy remains rare. Genotypic resistance testing in recently infected persons predicts time to viral suppression during therapy.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Montaner, J. S. G., Reiss, P., Cooper, D., Vella, S., Harris, M., Conway, B., Wainberg, M. A., Smith, D., Robinson, P., Hall, D., et al. (1998) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.279.12.930 · Cited by 756
Cited by
Clavel, F., & Hance, A. J. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm2ra025195 · Cited by 800
Hirsch, M. S., Günthard, H. F., Schapiro, J. M., Brun‐Vézinet, F., Clotet, B., Hammer, S. M., Johnson, V. A., Kuritzkes, D. R., Mellors, J. W., Pillay, D., et al. (2008) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/589297 · Cited by 573
Gulick, R. M., Ribaudo, H. J., Shikuma, C. M., Lustgarten, S., Squires, K. E., Meyer, W. A., Acosta, E. P., Schackman, B. R., Pilcher, C. D., Murphy, R. L., et al. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa031772 · Cited by 522
Markowitz, M., Nguyen, B.-Y., Gotuzzo, E., Mendo, F., Ratanasuwan, W., Kovacs, C., Prada, G., Morales-Ramirez, J. O., Crumpacker, C. S., Isaacs, R. D., et al. (2007) · JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes · doi:10.1097/qai.0b013e318157131c · Cited by 408
Hamers, R. L., Wallis, C. L., Kityo, C., Siwale, M., Mandaliya, K., Conradie, F., Botes, M. E., Wellington, M., Osibogun, A., Sigaloff, K. C. E., et al. (2011) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(11)70149-9 · Cited by 287
Metadata
- Authors
- Grant, R. M.
- Venue
- JAMA
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2002-07-10
- Volume
- 288
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 181
- ISSN
- 0002-9955 (ISSN-L)
- 0098-7484
- OpenAlex
- W2018112385
- Cited by
- 459
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 25.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Time Trends in Primary HIV-1 Drug Resistance Among Recently Infected Persons. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1001/jama.288.2.181
- The paper
- Grant, R. M. (2002). Time Trends in Primary HIV-1 Drug Resistance Among Recently Infected Persons. JAMA. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.288.2.181
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
