Diversity in Graduate Medical Education in the United States by Race, Ethnicity, and Sex, 2012
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In the mid-1960s, 2.9% of all practicing physicians in the U.S. were black, and in 2012, 3.8% of all practicing physicians were black (5.2% were Hispanic).
“In the mid- 1960s, 2.9% of all practicing physicians in the U.S. were black, and in 2012, 3.8% of all practicing physicians were black (5.2% were Hispanic) [98].”
From Reducing Racial Inequities in Health: Using What We Already Know to Take Action (2019) · cites this paper as [98]
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Reducing Racial Inequities in Health: Using What We Already Know to Take Action
Williams, D. R., & Cooper, L. A. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16040606 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
- Authors
- Deville, C., Hwang, W.-T., Burgos, R., Chapman, C. H., Both, S., & Thomas, C. R.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Oregon Health & Science University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Deville, Curtiland
- ORCID
- Venue
- JAMA Internal Medicine
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2015-10-01
- Volume
- 175
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1706
- ISSN
- 2168-6106 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1824477382
- Cited by
- 168
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 25.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA Internal Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (100036)
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA016520)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Diversity and Career in Medicine
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Medical Education and Admissions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Innovations in Medical Education
- Keywords
- graduate medical education, residency training, racial diversity, ethnic diversity, sex diversity, underrepresented minorities, women in medicine, physician workforce
- MeSH terms
- Education, Education, Medical, Graduate, Female, Health Workforce, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Internship and Residency, Male, Physicians, United States, Sex Distribution, Cultural Diversity, Racial Groups
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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