The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 39 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Association of Firearm Ownership, Use, Accessibility, and Storage Practices With Suicide Risk Among US Army Soldiers
Open accessAbstract
Importance: Since 2004, the suicide rate among US Army soldiers has exceeded the rate of death from combat injury. It is critical to establish factors that increase the risk of acting on suicidal thoughts to guide early intervention and suicide prevention. Objective: To assess whether firearm ownership, use, storage practices, and accessibility are associated with increased risk of suicide. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this case-control study, suicide cases (n = 135) were defined as US Army soldiers who died by suicide while on active duty between August 1, 2011, and November 1, 2013. Next-of-kin and Army supervisors of soldiers who died by suicide (n = 168) were compared with propensity-matched controls (n = 137); those soldiers with a suicidal ideation in the past year (n = 118) provided structured interview data. Data were analyzed from April 5, 2018, to April 2, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures: Firearm ownership, storage, and accessibility were assessed by using items from the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview screening scales along with items created for the purpose of the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS) study. Results: Among the 135 suicide decedents, next-of-kin reported that they had greater accessibility to firearms compared with propensity-matched controls. Specifically, suicide decedents were more likely to own 1 or more handguns compared with propensity-matched controls (odds ratio [OR], 1.9; 95% CI, 1.0-3.7; χ21 = 4.2; false discovery rate [FDR] P = .08), store a loaded gun at home (OR, 4.1; 95% CI, 1.9-9.1; χ21 = 12.2; FDR P = .003), and publicly carry a gun when not required for military duty (OR, 3.2; 95% CI, 1.4-7.3; χ21 = 7.4; FDR P = .02). The combination of these 3 items was associated with a 3-fold increase in the odds of suicide death (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 1.2-9.4; χ21 = 5.4; FDR P = .05). Storing a loaded gun with ammunition at home or publicly carrying a gun when not on duty was associated with a 4-fold increase in the odds of suicide death (OR, 3.9; 95% CI, 1.9-7.9; χ21 = 14.1; FDR P = .002). Conclusions and Relevance: In this study, in addition to gun ownership, ease and immediacy of firearm access were associated with increased suicide risk. Discussion with family members and supervisors about limiting firearm accessibility should be evaluated for potential intervention.
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“Knowledge and availability of lethal means appear to be relevant risk factors for suicidal behavior (59, 60)”
From Ambivalence model of suicidality [ABS-model]: an orientation model for the treatment of suicidal individuals (2024) · cites this paper as [59]
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“78 Aimed a gun at another person 14 (24) 29 (25) 0.”
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Handgun Ownership and Suicide in California
Studdert, D. M., Zhang, Y., Swanson, S. A., Prince, L., Rodden, J. A., Holsinger, E. E., Spittal, M. J., Wintemute, G. J., & Miller, M. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmsa1916744 · Cited by 224
The Recent Rise of Suicide Mortality in the United States
Martínez‐Alés, G., Jiang, T., Keyes, K. M., & Gradus, J. L. (2021) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-051920-123206 · Cited by 158
Simonetti, J. A., Holliman, B. D., Holiday, R., Brenner, L. A., & Monteith, L. L. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0230135 · Cited by 43
Understanding female veterans' experiences and perspectives of firearms
Monteith, L. L., Holliday, R. P., Holliman, B. D., Brenner, L. A., & Simonetti, J. A. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22952 · Cited by 38
Hoyt, T., Holliday, R. P., Simonetti, J. A., & Monteith, L. L. (2021) · Professional Psychology Research and Practice · doi:10.1037/pro0000372 · Cited by 37
Metadata
- Authors
- Dempsey, C. L., Benedek, D. M., Zuromski, K. L., Riggs-Donovan, C., Ng, T. H. H., Nock, M. K., Kessler, R. C., & Ursano, R. J.
- Affiliations
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dempsey, Catherine L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- JAMA Network Open
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2019-06-07
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- e195383
- ISSN
- 2574-3805 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6563574
- OpenAlex
- W2948729807
- Cited by
- 114
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 11.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- JAMA Network Open (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (R01CE003270)
- National Institute of Mental Health (U01MH087981)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Gun Ownership and Violence Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Keywords
- gun ownership, firearm storage, suicide risk, suicide prevention, U.S. Army soldiers, military suicide, handguns, suicidal ideation, suicide decedents, Army STARRS, suicide prevention interventions, military mental health services, suicide prevention messaging
- MeSH terms
- Suicide Prevention, Autopsy, Depressive Disorder, Firearms, Humans, Military Personnel, Ownership, Risk Factors, Suicide, United States, Prevalence, Case-Control Studies, Propensity Score, Suicidal Ideation
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