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Association of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease With Lower Brain Volume in Healthy Middle-aged Adults in the Framingham Study
Open accessAbstract
Importance: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common condition that is most often asymptomatic. It is associated with metabolic syndrome, incident diabetes, carotid atherosclerosis, and endothelial dysfunction, conditions that in turn are strongly linked with brain damage and cognitive impairment. However, it is not known whether NAFLD is associated with structural brain measures in humans. Objective: To assess the association between prevalent NAFLD and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures. Design, Setting, and Participants: The cross-sectional association between NAFLD and brain MRI measures was assessed from November 6, 2002, to March 16, 2011, in 766 individuals from the Offspring cohort of the Framingham Study. Participants were included if they did not have excessive alcohol intake and were free of stroke and dementia. Data analysis was conducted from December 30, 2015, to June 15, 2016. Exposures: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was assessed by multidetector computed tomographic scans of the abdomen. Main Outcomes and Measures: Linear or logistic regression models were used to evaluate the cross-sectional association between NAFLD and brain MRI measures, adjusting for age, sex, alcohol consumption, visceral adipose tissue, body mass index, menopausal status, systolic blood pressure, hypertension, current smoking, high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, lipid treatment, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, physical activity, insulin resistance, C-reactive protein levels, and plasma homocysteine values. Brain MRI measures included total cerebral brain volume, hippocampal and white matter hyperintensity volumes, and presence or absence of covert brain infarcts. Results: Of the 766 individuals in the study sample (410 women and 356 men; mean [SD] age at the time of brain MRI, 67 [9] years), 137 (17.9%) had NAFLD. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was significantly associated with smaller total cerebral brain volume even after adjustment for all the covariates included in the study (β [SE], -0.26 [0.11]; P = .02). Differences in total cerebral brain volume between those with and without NAFLD corresponded to 4.2 years of brain aging in the general sample and to 7.3 years in individuals younger than 60 years of age. No statistically significant associations were observed between NAFLD and hippocampal or white matter hyperintensity volumes or covert brain infarcts. Conclusions and Relevance: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with a smaller total cerebral brain volume, independent of visceral adipose tissue and cardiometabolic risk factors, pointing to a possible link between hepatic steatosis and brain aging.
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“Liver biopsies from older adults revealed that the degree of liver ageing is related to the severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD),220 which increases the brain age by approximately 4.2 years.221”
From Antiageing strategy for neurodegenerative diseases: from mechanisms to clinical advances (2025) · cites this paper as [221]
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Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Patients with Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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Progression of NAFLD to diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease or cirrhosis
Anstee, Q. M., Targher, G., & Day, C. P. (2013) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/nrgastro.2013.41 · Cited by 1,747
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The framingham offspring study. Design and preliminary data
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Metadata
- Authors
- Weinstein, G., Zelber-Sagi, S., Preis, S. R., Beiser, A. S., DeCarli, C., Speliotes, E. K., Satizabal, C. L., Vasan, R. S., & Seshadri, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Haifa (IL)
- School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Boston University (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Broad Institute (US)
- The Framingham Study, Framingham, Massachusetts
- Corresponding author
- Weinstein, Galit
- ORCID
- Venue
- JAMA Neurology
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2018-01-01
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 97
- ISSN
- 2168-6149 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5833484
- OpenAlex
- W2770554136
- Cited by
- 186
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 35 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 6.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- JAMA Neurology (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (P30AG010129)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK107904, R01DK106621)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS017950)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, brain volume, hippocampal hyperintensity, white matter hyperintensities, brain aging, middle-aged adults, metabolic syndrome, cognitive impairment, Framingham Offspring cohort, brain MRI, cardiovascular risk factors, insulin resistance, homocysteine
- MeSH terms
- Abdomen, Aged, Alcohol Drinking, Brain, C-Reactive Protein, Carotid Artery Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Insulin Resistance, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Tomography Scanners, X-Ray Computed, Prevalence, Logistic Models, Metabolic Syndrome, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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