The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 13 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Suicide Attempt in Young People: A Signal for Long-term Health Care and Social Needs
Open accessAbstract
IMPORTANCE: Suicidal behavior has increased since the onset of the global recession, a trend that may have long-term health and social implications. OBJECTIVE: To test whether suicide attempts among young people signal increased risk for later poor health and social functioning above and beyond a preexisting psychiatric disorder. DESIGN: We followed up a cohort of young people and assessed multiple aspects of their health and social functioning as they approached midlife. Outcomes among individuals who had self-reported a suicide attempt up through age 24 years (young suicide attempters) were compared with those who reported no attempt through age 24 years (nonattempters). Psychiatric history and social class were controlled for. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The population-representative Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, which involved 1037 birth cohort members comprising 91 young suicide attempters and 946 nonattempters, 95% of whom were followed up to age 38 years. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Outcomes were selected to represent significant individual and societal costs: mental health, physical health, harm toward others, and need for support. RESULTS: As adults approaching midlife, young suicide attempters were significantly more likely to have persistent mental health problems (eg, depression, substance dependence, and additional suicide attempts) compared with nonattempters. They were also more likely to have physical health problems (eg, metabolic syndrome and elevated inflammation). They engaged in more violence (eg, violent crime and intimate partner abuse) and needed more social support (eg, long-term welfare receipt and unemployment). Furthermore, they reported being lonelier and less satisfied with their lives. These associations remained after adjustment for youth psychiatric diagnoses and social class. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Many young suicide attempters remain vulnerable to costly health and social problems into midlife. As rates of suicidal behavior rise with the continuing global recession, additional suicide prevention efforts and long-term monitoring and after-care services are needed.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Approaching midlife, young suicide attempters had more mental health problems than non-attempters (Table 1).”
§ Suicide attempt in young people: A signal for long-term healthcare and social needs > RESULTS > Poor mental health
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These associations remained after adjustment for youth psychiatric diagnoses and social class.”
§ Suicide attempt in young people: A signal for long-term healthcare and social needs > Abstract > Results
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young suicide attempters were in need of greater support during adulthood (Table 3).”
§ Suicide attempt in young people: A signal for long-term healthcare and social needs > RESULTS > Need for support/Quality of life
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Approaching midlife, young suicide attempters were significantly more likely than non-attempters to commit violence against others (Table 3).”
§ Suicide attempt in young people: A signal for long-term healthcare and social needs > RESULTS > Harm towards others
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Young suicide attempters were in significantly worse physical health as they approached midlife (Table 2).”
§ Suicide attempt in young people: A signal for long-term healthcare and social needs > RESULTS > Poor physical health
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Many young suicide attempters remain vulnerable to costly health and social problems into midlife.”
§ Suicide attempt in young people: A signal for long-term healthcare and social needs > Abstract > Conclusions
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesNone of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Since the onset of the global economic recession in 2007, suicide rates have risen across both the United States and Europe.1-4”
§ Suicide attempt in young people: A signal for long-term healthcare and social needs > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] Reeves A Stuckler D McKee M Gunnell D Chang S-S Basu S Increase in state suicide rates in the USA during economic recession Lancet 2012 380 9856 1813 1814 23141814
- Not checked yetcites [2] Kentikelenis A Karanikolos M Papanicolas I Basu S McKee M Stuckler D Health effects of financial crisis: Omens of a Greek tragedy Lancet 2012 378 9801 1457 1458 21988763
- Not checked yetcites [3] Barr B Taylor-Robinson D Scott-Samuel A McKee M Stuckler D Suicides associated with the 2008-10 economic recession in England: Time trend analysis BMJ 2012 345 e5142 22893569 PMC3419273
- Not checked yetcites [4] De Vogli R Marmot M Stuckler D Excess suicides and attempted suicides in Italy attributable to the great recession J. Epidemiol. Community Health 2013 67 378 379 22859517
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesWhat the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We thus controlled for history of these three disorders.”
§ Suicide attempt in young people: A signal for long-term healthcare and social needs > METHODS > Measures
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
- It may state two separate claims as one. 6
- Probably not a substantial claim. 1
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“young suicide attempters were significantly more likely to have a history of depression (32.2% vs. 44.0%, χ2=5.15, p=.02), anxiety (20.3% vs. 34.1%, χ2=9.35, p=.002), and conduct disorder (20.8% vs. 48.4%, χ2=35.16, p<.0001) during the exposure period.”
§ Suicide attempt in young people: A signal for long-term healthcare and social needs > METHODS > Measures
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although they made up just under nine percent of our cohort, by midlife they comprised 15 percent of those with metabolic syndrome, 22 percent of those with persistent psychiatric disorders, and 35 percent of those who were convicted for violent crime (Figure 1).”
§ Suicide attempt in young people: A signal for long-term healthcare and social needs > COMMENT
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“approaching midlife, they reported suffering from loneliness and were less satisfied with their lives.”
§ Suicide attempt in young people: A signal for long-term healthcare and social needs > RESULTS > Need for support/Quality of life
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“when 95% of the 1,007 Study members still alive took part.”
§ Suicide attempt in young people: A signal for long-term healthcare and social needs > METHODS > Sample
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Point estimates for some outcomes were very slightly attenuated, but statistical inference was unaltered in all cases (i.e., no statistically significant findings were lost and no new significant findings were gained).”
§ Suicide attempt in young people: A signal for long-term healthcare and social needs > RESULTS > Control for Socioeconomic Background
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“previous suicide attempt is one of the strongest predictors of future attempts, as well as of completed suicide.9-17”
§ Suicide attempt in young people: A signal for long-term healthcare and social needs > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [9] Joiner TE Conwell Y Fitzpatrick KK Four studies on how past and current suicidality relate even when “everything but the kitchen sink” is covaried J. Abnorm. Psychol 2005 114 2 291 303 15869359
- Not checked yetcites [10] Haukka J Suominen K Partonen T Lonnqvist J Determinants and outcomes of serious attempted suicide: a nationwide study in Finland, 1996-2003 Am. J. Epidemiol 2008 167 10 1155 1163 18343881
- Not checked yetcites [11] Borges G Angst J Nock MK Ruscio AM Walters EE Kessler RC A risk index for 12-month suicide attempts in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) Psychol. Med 2006 36 12 1747 1757 16938149 PMC1924761
- Not checked yetcites [12] Spirito A Esposito-Smythers C Attempted and completed suicide in adolescence Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol 2006 2 237 266 17716070
- Not checked yetcites [13] Beautrais AL Subsequent mortality in medically serious suicide attempts: a 5 year follow-up Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 2003 37 5 595 599 14511088
- Not checked yetcites [14] Brown GK Beck AT Steer RA Grisham JR Risk factors for suicide in psychiatric outpatients: A 20-year prospective study J. Consult. Clin. Psychol 2000 68 3 371 377 10883553
- Not checked yetcites [15] Tejedor MC Diaz A Castillon JJ Pericay JM Attempted suicide: Repetition and survival - findings of a follow-up study Acta Psychiatr. Scand 1999 1999 100 10493087
- Not checked yetcites [16] Shaffer D Gould MS Fisher P Psychiatric diagnosis in child and adolescent suicide Arch. Gen. Psychiatry 1996 53 4 339 348 8634012
- Not checked yetcites [17] Nock MK Kessler RC Prevalence of and risk factors for suicide attempts versus suicide gestures: analysis of the National Comorbidity Survey J. Abnorm. Psychol 2006 115 3 616 623 16866602
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Methodological advantages of this study include its use of a representative birth cohort with good retention, a follow-up period of more than 13 years, and statistical controls for psychiatric diagnoses among young suicide attempters.”
§ Suicide attempt in young people: A signal for long-term healthcare and social needs > COMMENT
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
Only a few studies have examined outcomes following a suicide attempt beyond future attempts.
“Only a few studies, however, have looked at additional outcomes following a suicide attempt.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The global recession will continue.
“As rates of suicidal behavior rise with the continuing global recession”
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The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“In addition, suicidal ideation and suicide attempt are associated with increased health care costs, with up to one-third of patient admissions in psychiatric hospitals attributed to suicidal ideation or suicide attempt 332 .”
From Suicide and suicide risk (2019) · cites this paper as [332]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“In addition, several factors are associated with reduced mental health components of quality of life assessments, such as being female, having borderline personality disorder or having high impulsivity, hopelessness or hostility 332 .”
From Suicide and suicide risk (2019) · cites this paper as [332]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
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Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Diagnostic interview citation points to an unrelated reference
MinorThe text assigns reference 33 to the child diagnostic interview, but entry 33 is about youth employment rates, not that instrument.
“Study members were repeatedly assessed with the Diagnostic Interview Schedule-Child Version33 at ages 11, 13 and 15 years”
“33. OECD NEET rates among youth in OECD countries. OECD Employment Outlook 2012 2012 OECD Publishing”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Goldman-Mellor, S. J., Caspi, A., Harrington, H., Hogan, S., Nada-Raja, S., Poulton, R., & Moffitt, T. E.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- Duke University (US)
- University of Otago (NZ)
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Corresponding author
- Moffitt, Terrie E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- JAMA Psychiatry
- Publisher
- American Medical Association (AMA)
- Published
- 2014-02-01
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 119
- ISSN
- 2168-622X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3946312
- OpenAlex
- W2112628304
- Cited by
- 310
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 10
- FWCI
- 18.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- JAMA Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- Jacobs Foundation (AG032282)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (T32-HD07376)
- Medical Research Council (MR/K00381X, MR/K00381X/1, AG032282)
- National Institute on Aging (AG-032282, R01AG032282)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (AG032282)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (T32HD007376)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Grief, Bereavement, and Mental Health
- Keywords
- suicide attempts, youth, depression, substance dependence, physical health, metabolic syndrome, inflammation, violence, intimate partner violence, social support, welfare receipt, unemployment, loneliness, life satisfaction, global recession, suicide prevention, Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Mental Disorders, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Health Status, Humans, Long-Term Care, Male, Mental Health Services, New Zealand, Personal Satisfaction, Social Support, Suicide, Attempted, Violence, Comorbidity, Young Adult
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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