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Economic costs of anxiety disorders
Abstract
Using a within-subject cross-over, vehicle-controlled design, we investigated the acute effects of benzodiazepine receptor ligands with different mechanisms of action on the displacement activities (scratching, self-grooming, and body shake) of seven male macaques living in social groups. Our aim was to test the discriminative validity of displacement activities as an ethopharmacological model of anxiety. Subjects were given i.m. lorazepam (0.10, 0.20, 0.25 mg/ kg) and FG 7142 (0.1, 0.3, 1.0 mg/kg). The frequency of displacement activities was decreased by the anxiolytic lorazepam and increased by the anxiogenic FG 7142 in a dose-dependent manner. Displacement activities were apparently more sensitive to anxiolytic treatment than other behavior patterns indicative of an anxiety state (i.e., visual scanning of the social environment and fear responses directed to dominant males). These results suggest that primate displacement activities are a valid ethopharmacological model of anxiety.
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“Economic costs associated with anxiety disorders are among the highest of all mental disorders studied.[2][3][4][5][6]”
From The Classification of Anxiety and Fear-Related Disorders in the ICD-11: Review: Anxiety and Fear-Related Disorders in ICD-11 (2016) · cites this paper as [2]
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Cited by
Nature and mental health: An ecosystem service perspective
Bratman, G. N., Anderson, C. B., Berman, M. G., Cochran, B., de Vries, S., Flanders, J., Folke, C., Frumkin, H., Gross, J. J., Hartig, T., et al. (2019) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.aax0903 · Cited by 2,001
Plummer, F., Manea, L., Trepel, D., & McMillan, D. (2016) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2015.11.005 · Cited by 1,882
A Review and Meta-Analysis of the Genetic Epidemiology of Anxiety Disorders
Hettema, J. M., Neale, M. C., & Kendler, K. S. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.10.1568 · Cited by 1,563
Barlow, D. H., Gorman, J. M., Shear, M. K., & Woods, S. W. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.283.19.2529 · Cited by 953
Quality of Life in Individuals With Anxiety Disorders
Mendlowicz, M. V., & Stein, M. B. (2000) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.669 · Cited by 955
Metadata
- Authors
- DuPont, R. L., Rice, D. P., Miller, L. S., Shiraki, S. S., Rowland, C. R., & Harwood, H. J.
- Venue
- Anxiety
- Published
- 1996
- References
- 0
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Economic costs of anxiety disorders. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1002/(sici)1522-7154(1996)2:4
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- DuPont, R. L., Rice, D. P., Miller, L. S., Shiraki, S. S., Rowland, C. R., & Harwood, H. J. (1996). Economic costs of anxiety disorders. Anxiety. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1522-7154(1996)2%3A4
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