Cited by 805Infection Control and VentilationRespiratory viral infections researchInfection Control in Healthcare

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 289 of the 292 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses

Open access

Jefferson, Tom, Del Mar, Chris B, Dooley, Liz, Ferroni, Eliana, Al-Ansary, Lubna A, Bawazeer, Ghada A, van Driel, Mieke L, Nair, N Sreekumaran, Jones, Mark A, Thorning, Sarah, Conly, John M·2011·Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

DOI 10.1002/14651858.cd006207.pub4PMC PMC8094623

Open this paper in CoChat — free account Open PDF

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Viral epidemics or pandemics of acute respiratory infections like influenza or severe acute respiratory syndrome pose a global threat. Antiviral drugs and vaccinations may be insufficient to prevent their spread. OBJECTIVES: To review the effectiveness of physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched The Cochrane Library, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2010, Issue 3), which includes the Acute Respiratory Infections Group's Specialised Register, MEDLINE (1966 to October 2010), OLDMEDLINE (1950 to 1965), EMBASE (1990 to October 2010), CINAHL (1982 to October 2010), LILACS (2008 to October 2010), Indian MEDLARS (2008 to October 2010) and IMSEAR (2008 to October 2010). SELECTION CRITERIA: In this update, two review authors independently applied the inclusion criteria to all identified and retrieved articles and extracted data. We scanned 3775 titles, excluded 3560 and retrieved full papers of 215 studies, to include 66 papers of 67 studies. We included physical interventions (screening at entry ports, isolation, quarantine, social distancing, barriers, personal protection, hand hygiene) to prevent respiratory virus transmission. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cohorts, case-controls, before-after and time series studies. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used a standardised form to assess trial eligibility. We assessed RCTs by randomisation method, allocation generation, concealment, blinding and follow up. We assessed non-RCTs for potential confounders and classified them as low, medium and high risk of bias. MAIN RESULTS: We included 67 studies including randomised controlled trials and observational studies with a mixed risk of bias. A total number of participants is not included as the total would be made up of a heterogenous set of observations (participant people, observations on participants and countries (object of some studies)). The risk of bias for five RCTs and most cluster-RCTs was high. Observational studies were of mixed quality. Only case-control data were sufficiently homogeneous to allow meta-analysis. The highest quality cluster-RCTs suggest respiratory virus spread can be prevented by hygienic measures, such as handwashing, especially around younger children. Benefit from reduced transmission from children to household members is broadly supported also in other study designs where the potential for confounding is greater. Nine case-control studies suggested implementing transmission barriers, isolation and hygienic measures are effective at containing respiratory virus epidemics. Surgical masks or N95 respirators were the most consistent and comprehensive supportive measures. N95 respirators were non-inferior to simple surgical masks but more expensive, uncomfortable and irritating to skin. Adding virucidals or antiseptics to normal handwashing to decrease respiratory disease transmission remains uncertain. Global measures, such as screening at entry ports, led to a non-significant marginal delay in spread. There was limited evidence that social distancing was effective, especially if related to the risk of exposure. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Simple and low-cost interventions would be useful for reducing transmission of epidemic respiratory viruses. Routine long-term implementation of some measures assessed might be difficult without the threat of an epidemic.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/14651858.cd006207.pub4

Cites

289 of 289 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., Deeks, J. J., & Altman, D. G. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557 · Cited by 63,139
Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., & Thompson, S. G. (2002) · Statistics in Medicine · doi:10.1002/sim.1186 · Cited by 36,763
Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations
(2004) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.328.7454.1490 · Cited by 8,477
Effectiveness and efficiency of guideline dissemination and implementation strategies
Grimshaw, J., Thomas, R., MacLennan, G., Fraser, C., Ramsay, C., Vale, L., Whitty, P., Eccles, M., Matowe, L., Shirran, L., et al. (2004) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta8060 · Cited by 3,044
Effectiveness of a hospital-wide programme to improve compliance with hand hygiene
Pittet, D., Hugonnet, S., Harbarth, S., Mourouga, P., Sauvan, V., Touveneau, S., & Perneger, T. V. (2000) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(00)02814-2 · Cited by 2,524
Transmission Dynamics and Control of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Lipsitch, M., Cohen, T., Cooper, B. S., Robins, J. M., Ma, S., James, L., Gopalakrishna, G., Chew, S. K., Tan, C. C., Samore, M. H., et al. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1086616 · Cited by 1,485
Evidence of Airborne Transmission of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Virus
Yu, I. T. S., Li, Y., Wong, T. W., Tam, W., Chan, A., Lee, J. H. W., Leung, D. Y. C., & Ho, T. (2004) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa032867 · Cited by 1,255
Transmission Dynamics of the Etiological Agent of SARS in Hong Kong: Impact of Public Health Interventions
Riley, S., Fraser, C., Donnelly, C. A., Ghani, A. C., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Hedley, A. J., Leung, G. M., Ho, L., Lam, T.-H., Thach, T., et al. (2003) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1086478 · Cited by 1,152
Understanding, compliance and psychological impact of the SARS quarantine experience
REYNOLDS, D. L., GARAY, J. R., DEAMOND, S. L., MORAN, M. K., GOLD, W., & STYRA, R. (2008) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268807009156 · Cited by 895
Effectiveness and efficiency of guideline dissemination and implementation strategies
Grimshaw, J. M., Thomas, R. E., MacLennan, G., Fraser, C., Ramsay, C. R., Vale, L., Whitty, P., Eccles, M. P., Matowe, L., Shirran, L., et al. (2005) · International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care · doi:10.1017/s0266462305290190 · Cited by 864

Flagged first, then by citations

Show all 292 references

3 of the 292 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 9

Farr, 1988, Two randomised controlled trials of virucidal nasal tissues in the prevention of natural upper respiratory infection, American Journal of Epidemiology, 128, 1162, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a115059 · DOI
Turner, 2004, Efficacy of organic acids in hand cleansers for prevention of rhinovirus infections, Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 48, 2595, 10.1128/AAC.48.7.2595-2598.2004 · DOI
Anonymous, 2002, Antiseptic skin cleansers may prevent rhinovirus transmission, Clinical Infectious Diseases, 34, ii
Bauer, 2009, Impacto de un programa de prevención de infecciones respiratorias en lactantes prematuros de alto riesgo: estudio prospectivo y multicéntrico, Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria, 107, 111
Garcia, 2010, The protection against influenza provided by surgical masks is not inferior to what the FFP2 (N95) respiratory protector can give, FMC Formacion Medica Continuada en Atencion Primaria, 17, 365
Heymann, 2009, School closure may be effective in reducing transmission of respiratory viruses in the community, Epidemiology and Infection, 137, 1369, 10.1017/S0950268809002556 · DOI
Khan, 2000, Stage II Conducting the review: Phase 5: Study quality assessment, 2.5.1
Kitamura, 2007, Can we prevent influenza-like illnesses by gargling?, Japanese Society of Internal Medicine, 46, 1623, 10.2169/internalmedicine.46.0104 · DOI
Lefebvre, 2009, Chapter 6: Searching for studies

Sorted by citations

Items 301–400 of 803

The effectiveness of distance‐based interventions for smoking cessation and alcohol moderation among cancer survivors: A meta‐analysis
Mujcic, A., Blankers, M., Bommelé, J., Boon, B. J. F., Berman, A. H., Leeuw, I. M. V., van Laar, M., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2019) · Psycho-Oncology · doi:10.1002/pon.5261 · Cited by 19
Molecular Epidemiology of Human Rhinovirus From 1-Year Surveillance Within a School Setting in Rural Coastal Kenya
Luka, M. M., Kamau, E., Adema, I. W., Munywoki, P. K., Otieno, G. P., Gicheru, E., Gichuki, A. M., Kibinge, N., Agoti, C. N., & Nokes, D. J. (2020) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofaa385 · Cited by 20
Prevention and practice during the COVID ‐19 emergency declaration period in Japanese obstetrical/gynecological facilities
Komatsu, H., Banno, K., Yanaihara, N., Kimura, T., & Board Members of Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology (2020) · Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology research · doi:10.1111/jog.14432 · Cited by 20
Miasmas, mental models and preventive public health: some philosophical reflections on science in the COVID-19 pandemic
Greenhalgh, T. (2021) · Interface Focus · doi:10.1098/rsfs.2021.0017 · Cited by 20
Protecting the Frontline: Designing an Infection Prevention Platform for Preventing Emerging Respiratory Viral Illnesses in Healthcare Personnel
Branch‐Elliman, W., Price, C. S., McGeer, A., & Perl, T. M. (2015) · Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology · doi:10.1017/ice.2014.52 · Cited by 19
Speech intelligibility in respiratory protective equipment - Implications for verbal communication in critical care
Round, M. E., & Isherwood, P. (2020) · Trends in Anaesthesia and Critical Care · doi:10.1016/j.tacc.2020.08.006 · Cited by 19
Assessment of Post-Vaccination Antibody Response Eight Months after the Administration of BNT1622b2 Vaccine to Healthcare Workers with Particular Emphasis on the Impact of Previous COVID-19 Infection
Wolszczak-Biedrzycka, B., Bieńkowska, A., & Dorf, J. (2021) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines9121508 · Cited by 20
The Implications of Family Members’ Absence from Hospital Visits during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Nurses’ Perceptions
Correia, T., Martins, M. M. F. P. S., Barroso, F., de Pinho, L. G., da Fonseca, C. J. V., VALENTİM, O. M. M. D. S., & Lopes, M. J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19158991 · Cited by 19
Policies on children and schools during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Western Europe
Soriano‐Arandes, A., Brett, A., Buonsenso, D., Emilsson, L., Garcia, I. D. L. F., Gkentzi, D., Helve, O., Kepp, K. P., Mossberg, M., Muka, T., et al. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1175444 · Cited by 22
Infrastructure and Organization of Adult Intensive Care Units in Resource-Limited Settings
Papali, A. C., Adhikari, N. K. J., Diaz, J. V., Dondorp, A. M., Dünser, M. W., Jacob, S. T., Phua, J., Romain, M., & Schultz, M. J. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-03143-5_3 · Cited by 20
Novel Coronavirus Disease: A delicate balancing act between health and the economy
Moti, U. G., & Goon, D. T. (2020) · Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.12669/pjms.36.covid19-s4.2751 · Cited by 19
Acceptability of hygiene, face covering and social distancing interventions to prevent exacerbations in people living with airways diseases
Hurst, J. R., Cumella, A., Niklewicz, C. N., Philip, K. E. J., Singh, V., & Hopkinson, N. S. (2021) · Thorax · doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217981 · Cited by 19
Has Hajj-associated Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus transmission occurred? The case for effective post-Hajj surveillance for infection
Rashid, H., Azeem, M. I., Heron, L. G., Haworth, E., Booy, R., & Memish, Z. A. (2013) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1111/1469-0691.12492 · Cited by 18
Surgical masks vs respirators for the protection against coronavirus infection: state of the art
Violante, T., & Violante, F. S. (2020) · La Medicina del Lavoro · doi:10.23749/mdl.v111i5.9692 · Cited by 18
Wearing masks to reduce the spread of respiratory viruses: a systematic evidence mapping
Li, Y., Wei, Z., Zhang, J., Li, R., Li, H., Cao, L., Hou, L., Zhang, W., Chen, N., Guo, K., et al. (2021) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm-20-6745 · Cited by 16
Nonpharmaceutical interventions to prevent viral respiratory infection in community settings: an umbrella review
Zhao, H., Jatana, S., Bartoszko, J. J., & Loeb, M. B. (2022) · ERJ Open Research · doi:10.1183/23120541.00650-2021 · Cited by 19
Protective behavior and SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in the population – Results from the Gutenberg COVID-19 study
Baumkötter, R., Yılmaz, S., Zahn, D., Fenzl, K., Prochaska, J. H., Rossmann, H., Schmidtmann, I. M., Schuster, A. K.-G., Beutel, M. E., Lackner, K. J., et al. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-14310-6 · Cited by 18
Mutual Help and Peer Support Models for Opioid Use Disorder Recovery
Kelly, J. F., Abry, A. W., & Fallah‐Sohy, N. (2019) · Current clinical psychiatry · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-16257-3_7 · Cited by 20
Health Literacy and Preventive Behaviors Modify the Association between Pre-Existing Health Conditions and Suspected COVID-19 Symptoms: A Multi-Institutional Survey
Nguyen, T. T., Le, N., Nguyen, M. H., Pham, L. V., Do, B. N., Nguyen, H. C., Nguyen, H. C., Ha, T. H., Dao, H. K., Nguyen, P. B., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17228598 · Cited by 18
Face masks and COVID-19: don’t let perfect be the enemy of good
Cowling, B. J., & Leung, G. M. (2020) · Eurosurveillance · doi:10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.49.2001998 · Cited by 25
Use of personal protective equipment in Canadian pediatric emergency departments
Reid, S. M., Farion, K. J., Suh, K. N., Audcent, T. A., Barrowman, N. J., & Plint, A. C. (2011) · Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.2310/10.2310/8000.2011.110253 · Cited by 18
Impact of social distancing measures for preventing coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocolPreprint
Regmi, K., & Lwin, C. M. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.06.13.20130294 · Cited by 20
Prevention of COPD exacerbations: medications and other controversies
Vestbo, J., & Lange, P. (2015) · ERJ Open Research · doi:10.1183/23120541.00011-2015 · Cited by 17
Evidence in decision-making in the context of COVID-19 in Latin America
Stanford, V., Gresh, L., Toledo, J., Méndez, J., Aldighieri, S., & Revéiz, L. (2022) · The Lancet Regional Health - Americas · doi:10.1016/j.lana.2022.100322 · Cited by 16
Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Lower Respiratory Tract Infection Determinants in Thai Hospitalized Children: National Data Analysis 2015–2020
Uppala, R., Sitthikarnkha, P., Niamsanit, S., Sutra, S., Thepsuthammarat, K., Techasatian, L., Anantasit, N., & Teeratakulpisarn, J. (2022) · Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease · doi:10.3390/tropicalmed7080151 · Cited by 17
A hand hygiene intervention to decrease infections among children attending day care centers: design of a cluster randomized controlled trial
Zomer, T. P., Erasmus, V., Vlaar, N., van Beeck, E. F., Tjon-A-Tsien, A. M. L., Richardus, J. H., & Voeten, H. A. C. M. (2013) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-259 · Cited by 17
Using a novel rapid viral test to improve triage of emergency department patients with acute respiratory illness during flu season
Pedersen, C. J., Rogan, D. T., Yang, S. S., & Quinn, J. (2018) · Journal of Clinical Virology · doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2018.09.008 · Cited by 17
Masks for prevention of viral respiratory infections among health care workers and the public: PEER umbrella systematic review.
Dugré, N., Ton, J., Perry, D., Garrison, S., Falk, J., McCormack, J. P., Moe, S., Korownyk, C. S., Lindblad, A. J., Kolber, M. R., et al. (2020) · PubMed Central · Cited by 16
An Automated Real-Time Face Mask Detection System Using Transfer Learning with Faster-RCNN in the Era of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Sabir, M., Mehmood, I., Alsaggaf, W., Khairullah, E., Alhuraiji, S., Alghamdi, A., & El-Latif, A. A. A. (2022) · Computers Materials & Continua · doi:10.32604/cmc.2022.017865 · Cited by 14
The Impact of Social Media on Women's Body Image Perception: A Meta-Analysis of Well-being Outcomes
Xu, J., Alivi, M. A., Mustafa, S. E., & Dharejo, N. (2023) · International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies (iJIM) · doi:10.3991/ijim.v17i20.44665 · Cited by 22
Young Adults With Headaches: The Transition From Adolescents to Adults
O’Brien, H. L., & Cohen, J. M. (2015) · Headache The Journal of Head and Face Pain · doi:10.1111/head.12706 · Cited by 16
Implementing social distancing policy measures in the battle against the coronavirus: protocol of a comparative study of Denmark and Sweden
Nilsén, P., Seing, I., Ericsson, C., Andersen, O., Stefánsdóttir, N. Þ., Tjørnhøj‐Thomsen, T., Kallemose, T., & Kirk, J. W. (2020) · Implementation Science Communications · doi:10.1186/s43058-020-00065-x · Cited by 16
A Simple Mask Detection Model Based On A Multi-Layer Perception Neural Network
Saleh, N. A. A., Ertunç, H. M., Saleh, R. A. A., & Rassam, M. A. (2021) · International Conference of Technology, Science and Administration (ICTSA) · doi:10.1109/ictsa52017.2021.9406523 · Cited by 16
Personal protective equipment for preventing highly infectious diseases due to contact with contaminated body fluids in health care staff
Verbeek, J. H. A. M., Ijaz, S., Tikka, C., Ruotsalainen, J. H., Mäkelä, E., Neuvonen, K., Edmond, M. B., Garner, P., Sauni, R., & Hopping, K. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011621 · Cited by 16
That's how it should work: the perceptions of a senior management on the value of decentralisation in a service delivery organisation
Ohrling, M., Tolf, S., Carlsson, K. S., & Brommels, M. (2021) · Journal of Health Organization and Management · doi:10.1108/jhom-12-2020-0474 · Cited by 15
Measuring health professionals' beliefs about skin‐to‐skin care during a cesarean
Crenshaw, J. T., Adams, E. D., Gilder, R. E., & Nolte, H. G. (2021) · Maternal and Child Nutrition · doi:10.1111/mcn.13219 · Cited by 15
Using nasal sprays to prevent respiratory tract infections: a qualitative study of online consumer reviews and primary care patient interviews
Williamson, S., Dennison, L., Greenwell, K., Denison‐Day, J., Mowbray, F., Richards-Hall, S., Smith, D., Bradbury, K. J., Ainsworth, B., Little, P. S., et al. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059661 · Cited by 15
Lessons from the health policies for children during the pandemic in Japan
Shobako, N. (2022) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.1015955 · Cited by 14
Special aspects of social support: Qualitative analysis of oncologic rehabilitation through a belly dancing peer support group
Szalai, M., Szirmai, A., Füge, K., Makai, A., Erdélyi, G., Prémusz, V., & Bódis, J. (2017) · European Journal of Cancer Care · doi:10.1111/ecc.12656 · Cited by 15
Dental practice management during COVID‐19 times—Now and beyond
Hegde, M. N., Parmar, G., Logani, A., Hegde, N. D., Ballal, S., Krithikadatta, J., Nawal, R. R., Amalavathy, K., Devadiga, D., & Bhat, R. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/ijcp.14251 · Cited by 15
Perceptions, Knowledge, and Experiences of Using Face Masks among Egyptian Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Elgendy, M. O., EL-Gendy, A. O., Elgendy, S. O., Abdelaty, L. N., Abdelrahim, M. E. A., & Abdelrahman, M. A. (2023) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare11060838 · Cited by 15
Pharmacokinetics and safety of low-dose submicron indomethacin 20 and 40 mg compared with indomethacin 50 mg
Olugemo, K., Solorio, D., Sheridan, C., & Young, C. L. (2015) · Postgraduate Medicine · doi:10.1080/00325481.2015.1000231 · Cited by 15
Factors Associated With Influenza in an Emergency Department Setting
Pedersen, C. J., Quinn, J., Rogan, D. T., & Yang, S. S. (2019) · Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2018.12.012 · Cited by 15
Robust Face Mask Detection using Deep Learning on IoT Devices
Reza, S. R., Dong, X., & Qian, L. (2021) · IEEE International Conference on Communications workshops · doi:10.1109/iccworkshops50388.2021.9473701 · Cited by 17
RETRACTED: Physio-metabolic and clinical consequences of wearing face masks—Systematic review with meta-analysis and comprehensive evaluation
Kisielinski, K., Hirsch, O., Wagner, S., Wojtasik, B., Funken, S., Klosterhalfen, B., Manna, S. K., Prescher, A., Sukul, P., & Sönnichsen, A. C. (2023) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2023.1125150 · Cited by 14
Retracted
Child mask mandates for COVID-19: a systematic review
Sandlund, J., Duriseti, R. S., Ladhani, S. N., Stuart, K., Noble, J., & Høeg, T. B. (2023) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/archdischild-2023-326215 · Cited by 15
Horizontal versus vertical strategies for infection prevention: current practices and controversies
Abbas, S. M., & Stevens, M. (2024) · Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1097/qco.0000000000001027 · Cited by 14
Artificial intelligence‐based prediction of pathogen emergence and evolution in the world of synthetic biology
Danchin, A. (2024) · Microbial Biotechnology · doi:10.1111/1751-7915.70014 · Cited by 13
Behavior in the use of face masks in the context of COVID‐19
Kellerer, J. D., Rohringer, M., & Deufert, D. (2021) · Public Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/phn.12918 · Cited by 14
Detection of respiratory pathogens by application of multiplex PCR panel during early period of COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary hospital in Central Taiwan
Chiu, Y., Tien, N., Lin, H., Wei, H., Lai, H., Chen, J.-A., Low, Y.-Y., Lin, H.-H., Hsu, Y., & Hwang, K. (2021) · Journal of Microbiology Immunology and Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jmii.2021.09.011 · Cited by 14
A two-ward acute care hospital outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 delta variant including a point-source outbreak associated with the use of a mobile vital signs cart and sub-optimal doffing of personal protective equipment
O’Grady, H. M., Harrison, R., Snedeker, K. G., Trufen, L., Yue, P., Ward, L., Fifen, A., Jamieson, P., Weiss, A., Coulthard, J., et al. (2022) · Journal of Hospital Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2022.09.019 · Cited by 14
Self-citation
A Two-Time Point Analysis of Gut Microbiota in the General Population of Buenos Aires and Its Variation Due to Preventive and Compulsory Social Isolation During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Aguilera, P., Mascardi, M. F., Belforte, F. S., Rosso, A. D., Quesada, S., Llovet, I., Iraola, G., Trinks, J., & Steinhardt, A. P. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.803121 · Cited by 15
Face masks to prevent community transmission of viral respiratory infections: A rapid evidence review using Bayesian analysisPreprint
Perski, O., Simons, D., West, R., & Michie, S. (2020) · doi:10.32388/1sc5l4 · Cited by 13
Modelagem de tópicos de pesquisa sobre o novo coronavírus: aplicação do Latent Dirichlet Allocation / Modeling of research topics on the new coronavirus: application of Latent Dirichlet Allocation
Baratieri, T., Lentsck, M. H., Peres, C. K., & Pitilin, É. D. B. (2021) · Ciência Cuidado e Saúde · doi:10.4025/cienccuidsaude.v20i0.56403 · Cited by 13
COVID-19 en pediatría: valoración crítica de la evidencia
Rodríguez, P. G., Pérez‐Moneo, B., Rodríguez, M. S. A., Galdeano, P. A., Rodrigo, M. A., Rodríguez, M. M. F., Olcina, M. J. E., & Sangrador, C. O. (2021) · Anales de Pediatría · doi:10.1016/j.anpedi.2021.05.019 · Cited by 15
Augmenting contact matrices with time-use data for fine-grained intervention modelling of disease dynamics: A modelling analysis
van Leeuwen, E., PHE Joint modelling group, & Sandmann, F. (2021) · Statistical Methods in Medical Research · doi:10.1177/09622802211037078 · Cited by 14
How to protect long-term care facilities from pandemic-like events? - A systematic review on the effectiveness of non-pharmacological measures to prevent viral respiratory infections
Arnold, L., Bimczok, S., Schütt, H., Lisak-Wahl, S., Buchberger, B., & Stratil, J. M. (2024) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/s12879-024-09271-7 · Cited by 14
Effect of the characteristics of raw material ibuprofen on roller compaction and dissolution
Matji, A., Carvajal, L., Conde, F., Peña, M. D. L. Á., Donato, N., Serrano, D. R., & Torrado, J. J. (2017) · Journal of Drug Delivery Science and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.jddst.2017.03.020 · Cited by 13
The Role of Physical Activity in Oncology Care
Brown, J. C., & Ligibel, J. A. (2017) · JNCI Monographs · doi:10.1093/jncimonographs/lgx017 · Cited by 13
Mask decontamination methods (model N95) for respiratory protection: a rapid review
Probst, L. F., Guerrero, A. T. G., Cardoso, A. I. D. Q., Grande, A. J., Croda, M. G., Venturini, J., Fonseca, M. C. D. C., Paniago, A. M. M., Barreto, J. O. M., & de Oliveira, S. M. D. V. L. (2021) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-021-01742-1 · Cited by 13
Mapping access to basic hygiene services in low- and middle-income countries: A cross-sectional case study of geospatial disparities
Yu, W., Bain, R., Yu, J., Alegana, V. A., Dotse‐Gborgbortsi, W., Lin, Y., & Wright, J. (2021) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2021.102549 · Cited by 14
A multicentre retrospective cohort study on COVID-19-related physical interventions and adult hospital admissions for ENT infections
Quraishi, N., Ray, M., Srivastava, R., Ray, J., & Quraishi, M. S. (2021) · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi:10.1007/s00405-021-07180-y · Cited by 13
Approach to Children with Recurrent Infections
Hernandez-Trujillo, V. P. (2015) · Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.iac.2015.07.005 · Cited by 13
Practical prevention of nosocomial influenza transmission, ‘a hierarchical control’ issue
O’Reilly, F., Dolan, G. P., Nguyen‐Van‐Tam, J. S., & Noone, P. A. (2015) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqv155 · Cited by 13
COVID-19 versus seasonal influenza 2019–2020: USA
Wormser, G. P. (2020) · Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · doi:10.1007/s00508-020-01685-y · Cited by 13
Journal of Preventive Medicine and Hygiene, Vol. 62 No. 2s1 (2021): Health Technology Assessment (HTA) dell’introduzione della vaccinazione antinfluenzale per la popolazione giovanile italiana con il vaccino Fluenz Tetra®
Hygiene, J. O. P. M. A. (2021) · PubMed Central · doi:10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2021.62.2s1 · Cited by 14
Universal Masking during COVID-19 Pandemic – Current Evidence and Controversies
Quintana-Díaz, M. A., & Aguilar-Salinas, C. A. (2020) · Revista de investigaci�n Cl�nica · doi:10.24875/ric.20000196 · Cited by 12
Redesigning Maternity Hospital Gowns
Hwang, C. G., McCoy, L., & Shaw, M. R. (2020) · Fashion Practice · doi:10.1080/17569370.2020.1794317 · Cited by 12
Recommendations for the management of patients with systemic rheumatic diseases during the coronavirus disease pandemic
Seo, M. R., Kim, J., Park, E.-J., Jung, S. M., Sung, Y., Kim, H., Kim, G., Kim, H., Lee, M. S., Lee, J., et al. (2020) · The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.3904/kjim.2020.417 · Cited by 12
COVID ‐19 and future pandemics: is isolation and social distancing the new norm?
Collignon, P. (2021) · Internal Medicine Journal · doi:10.1111/imj.15287 · Cited by 14
Nationwide Social Distancing and the Epidemiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Infections
Lee, Y. S., Kang, M., Cho, J., Kang, D., Min, K. H., Suh, G. Y., Shim, J. J., Jeon, K., & Korean Study Group of Respiratory Infectious Disease (2021) · Yonsei Medical Journal · doi:10.3349/ymj.2021.62.10.954 · Cited by 12
Measuring the impact of donations at the Bottom of the Pyramid (BoP) amid the COVID-19 pandemic
Cunha, L. R. A., Antunes, B. B. D. P., Rodrigues, V. P., Ceryno, P. S., & Leiras, A. (2022) · Annals of Operations Research · doi:10.1007/s10479-021-04378-5 · Cited by 12
Impact of Long-Term Home Quarantine on Mental Health and Physical Activity of People in Shanghai During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Zhu, W., Xu, D., Li, H., Xu, G., Tian, J., Lyu, L., Wan, N., Wei, L., Rong, W., Liu, C., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.782753 · Cited by 12
Recommending Oral Probiotics to Reduce Winter Antibiotic Prescriptions in People With Asthma: A Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial
Smith, T. D. H., Watt, H., Gunn, L., Car, J., & Boyle, R. J. (2016) · The Annals of Family Medicine · doi:10.1370/afm.1970 · Cited by 12
Surface disinfection and protective masks for SARS‐CoV‐2 and other respiratory viruses: A review by SIdP COVID‐19 task force
Barbato, L., Bernardelli, F., Braga, G., Clementini, M., Gioia, C. D., Littarru, C., Oreglia, F., Raspini, M., Brambilla, E., Iavicoli, I., et al. (2020) · Oral Diseases · doi:10.1111/odi.13646 · Cited by 12
HRNET: AI-on-Edge for Mask Detection and Social Distancing Calculation
Sengupta, K., & Srivastava, P. R. (2022) · SN Computer Science · doi:10.1007/s42979-022-01023-1 · Cited by 12
Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. Part 2 - Hand hygiene and other hygiene measures: systematic review and meta-analysisPreprint
Al‐Ansary, L. A., Bawazeer, G. A., Beller, E., Clark, J. M., Conly, J. M., Mar, C. D., Dooley, E., Ferroni, E., Glasziou, P., Hoffmann, T., et al. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.04.14.20065250 · Cited by 12
Self-citation
Containment of a Large SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak Among Healthcare Workers in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
Knoll, R. L., Klopp, J., Bonewitz, G., Gröndahl, B., Hilbert, K., Kohnen, W., Weise, K., Plachter, B., Hitzler, W. E., Kowalzik, F., et al. (2020) · The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal · doi:10.1097/inf.0000000000002866 · Cited by 11
Influenza Vaccines
Doshi, P. (2013) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.490 · Cited by 11
Changes in respiratory diseases in South Korea during the COVID-19 pandemic: an interrupted time series study
Mun, S., Yang, B. R., & Chang, M. Y. (2021) · BMJ Global Health · doi:10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006912 · Cited by 11
The impact of COVID‐19 lockdown measures on symptoms control in children with asthma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of observational cohort studies
Κouis, P., Lemonaris, M., Xenophontos, E., Panayiotou, A. G., & Yiallouros, P. K. (2023) · Pediatric Pulmonology · doi:10.1002/ppul.26646 · Cited by 11
Seasonal influenza immunization in early infancy?
Bonati, M. R., & Clavenna, A. (2012) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-873 · Cited by 11
Drug therapies in severe asthma – the era of stratified medicine
Hetherington, K., & Heaney, L. G. (2015) · Clinical Medicine · doi:10.7861/clinmedicine.15-5-452 · Cited by 11
Cough and severe asthma
Heaney, L. G. (2017) · Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pupt.2017.10.002 · Cited by 11
Social Distancing Policies in the Coronavirus Battle: A Comparison of Denmark and Sweden
Seing, I., Stefánsdóttir, N. Þ., Kirk, J. W., Andersen, O., Tjørnhøj‐Thomsen, T., Kallemose, T., Vedung, E., Vrangbæk, K., & Nilsén, P. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph182010990 · Cited by 11
Non-pharmaceutical interventions and risk of COVID-19 infection: survey of U.K. public from November 2020 – May 2021
Francis, N. A., Becque, T., Willcox, M. L., Hay, A. D., Lown, M. T., Clarke, R., Stuart, B. L., Yardley, L., Moore, M. V., Houriet, J., et al. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-15209-6 · Cited by 11
Estimating the frequency and characteristics of respiratory disease outbreaks at mass gatherings in the United States: Findings from a state and local health department assessment
Figueroa, A., Gulati, R. K., & Rainey, J. J. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0186730 · Cited by 12
Room Sharing in Hospitalized Children With Bronchiolitis and the Occurrence of Hospital-Acquired Infections: A Prospective Cohort Study
Bekhof, J., Wessels, M., ten Velde, E., Hoekstra, M., Langenhorst, V., Bruijnesteijn, L., Brand, P. L. P., & Ruijs, G. J. H. M. (2019) · Hospital Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/hpeds.2018-0222 · Cited by 11
Hand hygiene and facemask use to prevent droplet-transmitted viral diseases during air travel: a systematic literature review
Angelis, G. D., Lohmeyer, F. M., Grossi, A., Posteraro, B., & Sanguinetti, M. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-10814-9 · Cited by 11
The COVID-19 pandemic: knowledge, attitudes and practices of coronavirus (COVID-19) among patients with type 2 diabetes
Mohamadian, H., faraji, A., Ghorrabi, A. T., Ghobadi, K., & Salahshouri, A. (2023) · Journal of Health Population and Nutrition · doi:10.1186/s41043-023-00349-7 · Cited by 10
Indoor air quality and airborne transmission under the One Health lens: A scoping review
Correia, G., Calheiros, D., Rosa, N., Rodrigues, L., Cunha, S., Santiago, L. M., Costa, J. J., da Silva, M. G., & Gonçalves, T. (2025) · One Health · doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2025.101160 · Cited by 11
A systematic review of community-based interventions for emerging zoonotic infectious diseases in Southeast Asia
Halton, K. A., Sarna, M. K., Barnett, A. G., Leonardo, L., & Graves, N. (2013) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.11124/jbisrir-2013-801 · Cited by 10
Controversies in Respiratory Protective Equipment Selection and Use During COVID‐19
Zhang, J. C., Cram, P. M., & Adisesh, A. (2020) · Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.12788/jhm.3437 · Cited by 10
What Can We Learn About Psychological Aging By Studying Covid-19?
Martire, L. M., & Isaacowitz, D. M. (2020) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbaa217 · Cited by 10
Healthcare workers and protection against inhalable SARS-CoV-2 aerosols
Nicholson, P. J., & Sen, D. (2021) · Occupational Medicine · doi:10.1093/occmed/kqab033 · Cited by 10
Medios de información, impacto emocional y recomendaciones sanitarias en migrantes venezolanas durante el COVID-19
Angulo-Giraldo, M., Ramírez, L. G., & Sanabria, J. L. A. (2021) · ESTUDIOS FRONTERIZOS · doi:10.21670/ref.2112075 · Cited by 11
Measles Immunization Status of Health Care Workers: A Cross-Sectional Study Exploring Factors Associated with Lack of Immunization According to the Health Belief Model
Restivo, V., Fallucca, A., Trapani, F., Immordino, P., Calamusa, G., & Casuccio, A. (2023) · Vaccines · doi:10.3390/vaccines11030618 · Cited by 10
Use of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions to Reduce Transmission of 2009 Pandemic Influenza A ( pH1N1 ) in Pennsylvania Public Schools
Miller, J. R., Short, V. L., Wu, H. M., Waller, K., Mead, P. S., Kahn, E. B., Bahn, B. A., Dale, J. W., Nasrullah, M., Walton, S. E., et al. (2013) · Journal of School Health · doi:10.1111/josh.12028 · Cited by 10
Providing evidence on the ongoing health care workers’ mask debate
Tsilingiris, D., Papatheodoridi, Μ., & Kapelios, C. J. (2020) · Internal and Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11739-020-02382-4 · Cited by 9
Cancer clinical trial vs real‐world outcomes for standard of care first‐line treatment in the advanced disease setting
Kostos, L. K., Hong, W., Lee, B., Tran, B., Lok, S. W., Anton, A., Gard, G., To, Y. H., Wong, V., Shapiro, J. D., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.33568 · Cited by 11

Authors: Jefferson, T., Del Mar, C. B., Dooley, L., Ferroni, E., Al-Ansary, L. A., Bawazeer, G. A., van Driel, M. L., Nair, N. S., Jones, M. A., Thorning, S., & Conly, J. M.
Affiliations: University of Oxford (GB)
Bond University; Centre for Research in Evidence-Based Practice (CREBP); University Drive Gold Coast Queensland Australia 4229
Bond University (AU)
Regione del Veneto (IT)
World Health Organization; Department of Health Metrics and Measurement; Geneva Switzerland
King Saud University (SA)
The University of Queensland; Primary Care Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine; Brisbane Queensland Australia 4029
Government of India (IN)
Gold Coast Hospital (AU)
Foothills Medical Centre (CA)
ORCID: Jefferson, Tom
Ferroni, Eliana
Bawazeer, Ghada A
Nair, N Sreekumaran
Jones, Mark A
Thorning, Sarah
Conly, John M
Venue: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2011-07-06
Volume: 11
Issue: 7
Pages: CD006207-CD006207
ISSN: 1361-6137 (ISSN-L)
1465-1858
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd006207.pub4
PMC: PMC8094623
OpenAlex: W1534533078
Cited by: 805
References: 292
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 95 · 2021: 135 · 2020: 191 · 2019: 20 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 41 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 33 · 2012: 20
FWCI: 4.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Update notices: new_version (2020-11-20)
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Ghent University Academic Bibliography (Ghent University) (submittedVersion)
Bond University Research Portal (Bond University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine › Infection Control and Ventilation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Infection Control in Healthcare
Keywords: physical interventions, respiratory virus transmission, acute respiratory infections, face masks, hand hygiene, social distancing, quarantine, isolation, personal protection, gargling, influenza, SARS, COVID-19 pandemic, pandemic preparedness, infection control, non-pharmaceutical interventions, harms of interventions, randomized controlled trials
MeSH terms: Humans, Influenza, Human, Respiratory Tract Infections, Virus Diseases, Case-Control Studies, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Virus Shedding

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Claims other papers make about this one

Self-check

Citations

Cites

Cited by

Related

Metadata

Record

About these checks