The DOI matches its Crossref record; 132 of the 134 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Cognitive behavioural therapies for fibromyalgia
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Fibromyalgia (FM) is a clinically well-defined chronic condition of unknown aetiology characterized by chronic widespread pain that often co-exists with sleep disturbances, cognitive dysfunction and fatigue. Patients often report high disability levels and negative mood. Psychotherapies focus on reducing key symptoms, improving daily functioning, mood and sense of personal control over pain. OBJECTIVES: To assess the benefits and harms of cognitive behavioural therapies (CBTs) for treating FM at end of treatment and at long-term (at least six months) follow-up. SEARCH METHODS: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2013, Issue 8), MEDLINE (1966 to 28 August 2013), PsycINFO (1966 to 28 August 2013) and SCOPUS (1980 to 28 August 2013). We searched http://www.clinicaltrials.gov (web site of the US National Institutes of Health) and the World Health Organization Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (http://www.who.int/ictrp/en/) for ongoing trials (last search 28 August,2013), and the reference lists of reviewed articles. SELECTION CRITERIA: We selected randomised controlled trials of CBTs with children, adolescents and adults diagnosed with FM. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: The data of all included studies were extracted and the risks of bias of the studies were assessed independently by two review authors. Discrepancies were resolved by discussion. MAIN RESULTS: Twenty-three studies with 24 study arms with CBTs were included. A total of 2031 patients were included; 1073 patients in CBT groups and 958 patients in control groups. Only two studies were without any risk of bias. The GRADE quality of evidence of the studies was low. CBTs were superior to controls in reducing pain at end of treatment by 0.5 points on a scale of 0 to 10 (standardised mean difference (SMD) - 0.29; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.49 to -0.17) and by 0.6 points at long-term follow-up (median 6 months) (SMD -0.40; 95% CI -0.62 to -0.17); in reducing negative mood at end of treatment by 0.7 points on a scale of 0 to 10 (SMD - 0.33; 95% CI -0.49 to -0.17) and by 1.3 points at long-term follow-up (median 6 months) (SMD -0.43; 95% CI -0.75 to -0.11); and in reducing disability at end of treatment by 0.7 points on a scale of 0 to 10 (SMD - 0.30; 95% CI -0.51 to -0.08) and at long-term follow-up (median 6 months) by 1.2 points (SMD -0.52; 95% CI -0.86 to -0.18). There was no statistically significant difference in dropout rates for any reasons between CBTs and controls (risk ratio (RR) 0.94; 95% CI 0.65 to 1.35). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: CBTs provided a small incremental benefit over control interventions in reducing pain, negative mood and disability at the end of treatment and at long-term follow-up. The dropout rates due to any reason did not differ between CBTs and controls.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“However, CBT trials in FMS mostly reported average scores in the past (Bernardy et al., 2013).”
From Efficacy, acceptability and safety of cognitive behavioural therapies in fibromyalgia syndrome – A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2018) · cites this paper as Bernardy et al., 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Recent systematic reviews did not include acceptance-based studies (Thieme and Gracely, 2009;Glombiewski et al., 2010;Bernardy et al., 2013).”
From Efficacy, acceptability and safety of cognitive behavioural therapies in fibromyalgia syndrome – A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2018) · cites this paper as Bernardy et al., 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The magnitude of the effects sizes of CBTs on the key symptoms of FMS and on disability ranged between small and moderate in different reviews (Thieme and Gracely, 2009;Glombiewski et al., 2010;Bernardy et al., 2013).”
From Efficacy, acceptability and safety of cognitive behavioural therapies in fibromyalgia syndrome – A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2018) · cites this paper as Bernardy et al., 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The conclusions of our previous review (Bernardy et al., 2013) of the efficacy of (traditional, operant) CBTs to reduce some key symptoms and disability in FMS remain unchanged”
From Efficacy, acceptability and safety of cognitive behavioural therapies in fibromyalgia syndrome – A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2018) · cites this paper as Bernardy et al., 2013
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“We have experienced in previous reviews on psychological therapies that it was impossible to get any details, on request, of studies conducted before 2005 (Bernardy et al., 2013).”
From Efficacy, acceptability and safety of cognitive behavioural therapies in fibromyalgia syndrome – A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2018) · cites this paper as Bernardy et al., 2013
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences
Muller, K. E., & Cohen, J. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270020 · Cited by 99,600
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722
Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias
Begg, C. B., & Mazumdar, M. (1994) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533446 · Cited by 16,955
CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials
the CONSORT Group, Schulz, K. F., Altman, D. G., & Moher, D. (2010) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/1741-7015-8-18 · Cited by 13,371
The american college of rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia
Wolfe, F., Smythe, H. A., Yunus, M. B., Bennett, R. M., Bombardier, C., Goldenberg, D. L., Tugwell, P., Campbell, S. M., Abeles, M., Clark, P., et al. (1990) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.1780330203 · Cited by 9,563
CONSORT 2010 Statement: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials
Schulz, K. F., Altman, D. G., Moher, D., & for the CONSORT Group (2010) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.c332 · Cited by 9,329
Lawrence, R. C., Felson, D. T., Helmick, C. G., Arnold, L. M., Choi, H. K., Deyo, R. A., Gabriel, S. E., Hirsch, R., Hochberg, M. C., Hunder, G. G., et al. (2007) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.23176 · Cited by 5,599
Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.1. The Cochrane Collaboration
Higgins, J., Green, S. R., & Higgins, J. (2008) · Cited by 5,544
Wolfe, F., Clauw, D. J., Fitzcharles, M., Goldenberg, D. L., Katz, R. S., Mease, P., Russell, A. S., Russell, I. J., Winfield, J. B., & Yunus, M. B. (2010) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.20140 · Cited by 3,952
Dworkin, R. H., Turk, D. C., Wyrwich, K. W., Beaton, D., Cleeland, C. S., Farrar, J. T., Haythornthwaite, J. A., Jensen, M. P., Kerns, R. D., Ader, D. N., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Pain · doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2007.09.005 · Cited by 3,471
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Burckhardt, 2005, Guideline for the management of fibromyalgia syndrome. Pain in adults and children. APS Clinical Practice Guideline Series No. 4
- Lange, 2010, Influence of depression on fibromyalgia: a systematic review, Schmerz, 24, 26
- The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration Review Manager (RevMan) 2011
- Smythe, 1981, Fibrositis and other diffuse musculoskeletal syndromes
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–272 of 272
Pontes‐Silva, A. (2023) · Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism · doi:10.1016/j.semarthrit.2023.152261 · Cited by 2
Bochenek, O., Koper, M., Nowak, A., Kałuża, J. A., Konaszczuk, A., Ratyna, K., Kozyra, O., Szypuła, Z., Paluch, K., & Skarbek, M. (2024) · Quality in Sport · doi:10.12775/qs.2024.19.53279 · Cited by 2
Treatment of Special Groups: Children, Pregnant, Elderly, and Mentally Disabled
Mathur, S., & James, D. L. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-15820-4_10 · Cited by 1
Empfehlungen für psychologische Interventionen in der rheumatologischen Rehabilitation
Worringen, U., & Muschalla, B. (2017) · Aktuelle Rheumatologie · doi:10.1055/s-0042-116426 · Cited by 1
Koh, K. B. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-02783-4_14 · Cited by 1
Karageorgiou, I., Kokkinakis, S., Maliotis, N., Lionis, C. D., & Symvoulakis, E. K. (2021) · Medicine and Pharmacy Reports · doi:10.15386/mpr-1873 · Cited by 1
Leon-Jhong, A., & Tilstra, S. A. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-50695-7_29 · Cited by 1
‘Be prepared! : motivational interviewing as pre-treatment in chronic pain rehabilitation
Mertens, V. (2015) · doi:10.26481/dis.20151216vm · Cited by 1
Pharmacologic and Non‐Pharmacologic treatment approaches to chronic pain in individuals with HIV
Atkinson, J. H., Patel, S. M., & Keltner, J. R. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118777374.ch10 · Cited by 1
THE MIND - Bulletin on Mind-Body Medicine Research
(2023) · THE MIND - Bulletin on Mind-Body Medicine Research · doi:10.61936/themind/ · Cited by 1
EFFICACY AND PROCESSES OF CHANGE IN ACCEPTANCE AND COMMITMENT THERAPY FOR CHRONIC PAIN
Kemani, M. K. (2015) · Figshare
Cognitieve gedragstherapie bij fibromyalgie
den Boeft, M. (2014) · Huisarts en Wetenschap · doi:10.1007/s12445-014-0112-z
TRATAMIENTO PSICOLÓGICO DEL INSOMNIO EN LA FIBROMIALGIA Y OTROS SÍNDROMES DE DOLOR CRÓNICO
de Vaca, P. M. N.-C., Miró, E., & Sánchez, A. I. (2014)
Obón, V. N., Oviedo, M. Á., Antequera, J. B., & Izquierdo, D. M. (2014) · RACO (Revistes Catalanes amb Accés Obert) (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya)
Susanna, M. B., Aoufy, K. E., Caterina, D. F., Mikhaylova, S., Angela, D. R., & de SciscioloGiuseppe (2016) · Florence Research (University of Florence) · doi:10.4172/foa.1000108
Psychotherapeutische Verfahren beim Fibromyalgiesyndrom
Saarbrücken, K., & Graninger, W. (2015)
Psychological therapy for medically unexplained symptoms
Haywood, C. S. (2017) · ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)
En 2018 : Que dire sur l’efficacité des TCC dans la fibromyalgie ?
Henry, F. (2018) · Douleurs Évaluation - Diagnostic - Traitement · doi:10.1016/j.douler.2018.05.004
L’activité physique en endurance peut être bénéfique aux patients fibromyalgiques
Monnin, D., & Winteler, B. (2019) · Kinésithérapie la Revue · doi:10.1016/j.kine.2018.12.015
Fibromyalgi: Symptomer kan lindres med fysisk aktivitet og kognitiv terapi
Mindeberg, R. B. (2020) · Sykepleien Forskning · doi:10.4220/sykepleiens.2020.80924
Selfridge, N. J. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-35868-2.00047-5
Goodman, E., Reed, A., Rezvi, U., & Elmofty, D. H. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-40449-9_28
EXPLORATION OF SELF-MONITORING AS A THEORY-DRIVEN MANAGEMENT APPROACH FOR CHRONIC PAIN
Tougas, M. E. (2014) · DalSpace (Dalhousie University)
Principi di gestione di un dolore cronico
Guillemet, G., & Guy-Coichard, C. (2020) · EMC - Medicina Riabilitativa · doi:10.1016/s1283-078x(20)44352-4
Ramos, R. J. R. (2021) · Medicina de Familia SEMERGEN · doi:10.1016/j.semerg.2021.03.010
The Clinical Spectrum of Fibromyalgia and Its Treatment: An Overview
Ablin, J. N., & Shtrozberg, S. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-78638-0_11
Selected Disorders of the Musculoskeletal System
Chakrabarty, S., Foderingham, N., & O’Hara, H. M. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0779-3_121-1
Questions of effective treatment of fibromyalgia. Case report
Nasonova, T. I., Romanov, D. V., & Isaykin, A. I. (2021) · Consilium Medicum · doi:10.26442/20751753.2021.11.201142
Hoffmann, S., & Schneider, F. W. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-50345-4_43
(2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-3-437-21833-0.16001-2
Cohen, I. (2019) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-18005-8_16
Development of the Japanese Version of the Beliefs about Emotions Scale1
Sasaki, Y., Oe, Y., Horikoshi, M., & Rimes, K. A. (2022) · Japanese Psychological Research · doi:10.1111/jpr.12434
Fibromyalgia/Generalized Body Pain during Pregnancy
Mallick‐Searle, T. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-06322-0_8
Monitto, C. L., Yaster, M., & Kost‐Byerly, S. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-34125-7.00021-8
Klose, P., & Werner, M. (2023) · Erfahrungsheilkunde · doi:10.1055/a-2157-9391
Self-citationBüssing, A. (2023) · THE MIND - Bulletin on Mind-Body Medicine Research · doi:10.61936/themind/202312223
A Cogniceptive Model of Trauma Fixation
Büttiker, P. (2023) · THE MIND - Bulletin on Mind-Body Medicine Research · doi:10.61936/themind/202312225
The Relevance of Mind-Body Medicine for Rheumatic Diseases
Klass, M. (2023) · THE MIND - Bulletin on Mind-Body Medicine Research · doi:10.61936/themind/202312224
The Potential of Mind-Body Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Stress and Trauma
Michaelsen, M. M., & Esch, T. (2023) · THE MIND - Bulletin on Mind-Body Medicine Research · doi:10.61936/themind/202312221
Scheper, M. C., Muilwijk, L., Hoeks, S. E., van Velzen, M., de Graaf-Waar, H. I., van Meeteren, N. L. U., Voogt, L. P., & van Staa, A. (2024) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3933888/v1
Cilbir, C. E., YEKDANEH, A. A., İşleyen, T. P., Akyürek, E., Evrendilek, H., & Kardeş, K. (2024) · doi:10.5152/0403
Osteoartrit ve Rehabilitasyonu
Kuş, G. (2024) · doi:10.5152/0409
Romatoid Artrit ve Rehabilitasyonu
Kısa, E. P. (2024) · doi:10.5152/0405
Spondiloartropatiler ve Rehabilitasyonu
Leblebici, G. (2024) · doi:10.5152/0408
Erişkin Romatolojik Hastalıklarda ICF Tabanlı Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Değerlendirme Yöntemler
Güngör, F., Ovacık, U., Menengi̇ç, K. N., Ulusoy, İ. K., & Akgüller, T. (2024) · doi:10.5152/0402
Behçet Hastalığı ve Rehabilitasyonu
Uzun, N. (2024) · doi:10.5152/0411
Sistemik Lupus Eritematozus ve Rehabilitasyonu
Türkmen, E. (2024) · doi:10.5152/0407
Polimiyozit-Dermatomiyozit ve Rehabilitasyonu
Güngör, F. (2024) · doi:10.5152/0413
Reyhan, A. Ç. (2024) · doi:10.5152/0410
Sistemik Skleroz ve Rehabilitasyonu
Karaaslan, T. C. (2024) · doi:10.5152/0406
Ailevi Akdeniz Ateşi ve Rehabilitasyonu
Uzun, N., & Albayrak, A. (2024) · doi:10.5152/0415
Steroid Miyopatisi ve Rehabilitasyonu
Hüseyinsinoğlu, B. E., & Tahran, Ö. (2024) · doi:10.5152/0414
Romatizmal Hastalıklarda Ortezleme
Karaaslan, T. C., & Mustafaoğlu, R. (2024) · doi:10.5152/0417
Fibromiyalji Sendromu ve Rehabilitasyonu
Yılmaz, M. (2024) · doi:10.5152/0412
Ovacık, U. (2024) · doi:10.5152/0404
Romatolojik Hastalıklarda Fizyoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon: Kanıta Dayalı Perspektif
Albayrak, A., YEKDANEH, A. A., Hüseyinsinoğlu, B. E., Cilbir, C. E., Akyürek, E., Kısa, E. P., Türkmen, E., Güngör, F., Kuş, G., Leblebici, G., et al. (2024) · doi:10.5152/0400
Çocukluk Çağı Romatizmaları ve Rehabilitasyonu
Tarakçı, E. (2024) · doi:10.5152/0416
Renouprez, T., Gillibert, A., Gerard, B., Pouplin, S., Marcelli, C., Lequerre, T., Schuers, M., & Vittecoq, O. (2024) · Joint Bone Spine · doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2024.105773
Vora, A. J., Kennedy-Spaien, E., Gray, S., Estudillo‐Guerra, M. A., Phillips, G., Mesia-Toledo, I., Glenn, M. B., Chin, B. S., & Morales-Quezada, L. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1448117 · Cited by 3
Principios de manejo del dolor crónico
Guillemet, G. (2025) · EMC - Kinesiterapia - Medicina Física · doi:10.1016/s1293-2965(25)50348-1
Principi di gestione di un dolore cronico
Guillemet, G. (2025) · EMC - Medicina Riabilitativa · doi:10.1016/s1283-078x(25)50365-6
Fibromyalgie et douleurs myofasciales
Laroche, F. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-2-294-76067-9.00024-1
Specific Somatic Symptom and Related Disorders
Koh, K. B. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-11214-9_11
Koh, K. B. (2026) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-11214-9_10
Hamed, S. A., Hamed, E. A., & Fawzy, M. (2026) · World Journal of Clinical Cases · doi:10.12998/wjcc.v14.i15.120217
Laroche, F. (2025) · Dunod eBooks · doi:10.3917/dunod.poisb.2025.01.2266
Hackshaw, K. V. (2026) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnag114
Gerda: een volwassene met fibromyalgie
Thewissen, R., & Kole-Snijders, A. M. J. (2026) · doi:10.1007/978-90-368-3246-5_15
Metadata
- Authors
- Bernardy, K., Klose, P., Busch, A. J., Choy, E. H., & Häuser, W.
- Affiliations
- BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil Bochum (DE)
- Kliniken Essen-Mitte (DE)
- University of Saskatchewan (CA)
- Cardiff University (GB)
- Technical University of Munich (DE)
- Venue
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2013-09-10
- Volume
- 2017
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- CD009796-CD009796
- ISSN
- 1361-6137 (ISSN-L)
- 1465-1858
- PMC
- PMC6481397
- OpenAlex
- W1713765296
- Cited by
- 272
- References
- 131
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 30 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 3.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Universitätsbibliographie, Universität Duisburg-Essen (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Keywords
- fibromyalgia, cognitive behavioral therapy, chronic widespread pain, pain intensity, negative mood, fatigue, sleep disorders, cognitive impairment, long-term follow-up, treatment harms, psychotherapy, quality of evidence
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Fibromyalgia, Humans, Negativism, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
