Effects of Arctic haze on surface cloud radiative forcing

Zhao, Chuanfeng; Garrett, Timothy J.

doi:10.1002/2014gl062015

Cited by 249Atmospheric aerosols and cloudsAtmospheric chemistry and aerosolsClimate variability and models

Effects of Arctic haze on surface cloud radiative forcing

Zhao, Chuanfeng, Garrett, Timothy J.·2015·Geophysical Research Letters

DOI 10.1002/2014gl062015

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Abstract

From 4 years of observations from Barrow, Alaska, it is shown that the cloud radiative impact on the surface is a net warming effect between October and May and a net cooling in summer. During episodes of high surface haze aerosol concentrations and cloudy skies, both the net warming and net cooling are amplified, ranging from +12.2 Wm−2 in February to −11.8 Wm−2 in August. In liquid clouds, approximately 50%–70% of this change is caused by changes in cloud particle effective radius, with the remainder being caused by unknown atmospheric feedbacks that increase cloud water path. While the yearly averaged warming and cooling effects nearly cancel, the timing of the forcing may be a relevant control of the amplitude and timing of sea ice melt.

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Transport from lower latitude Asia and Eurasia increases pollutant content in the upper atmosphere, whereas local aerosol emissions affect atmospheric transparency and cloud formation and structure.
“Transport from lower latitude Asia and Eurasia increases their content in the upper atmosphere, whereas local emissions of aerosols substantially affect the transparency of the atmosphere and the formation and structure of clouds (Stohl et al ., 2013; Zhao and Garrett, 2015).”
From Ecological and conceptual consequences of Arctic pollution (2020) · cites this paper as Zhao and Garrett, 2015

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Shao, N., Lu, C.-S., Jia, X.-C., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Yin, Y., Zhu, B., Zhao, T.-L., Liu, D., Niu, S.-J., et al. (2023) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-23-9873-2023 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Arctic spring and summertime aerosol optical depth baseline from long-term observations and model reanalyses – Part 2: Statistics of extreme AOD events, and implications for the impact of regional biomass burning processes
Xian, P., Zhang, J., O'Neill, N., Reid, J., Toth, T., Sorenson, B. T., Hyer, E., Campbell, J., & Ranjbar, K. (2022) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-22-9949-2022 · Cited by 26
Global characteristics of cloud macro-physical properties from active satellite remote sensing
Chi, Y., Zhao, C.-F., Yang, Y.-K., Zhao, X., & Yang, J. (2024) · Atmospheric research · doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107316 · Cited by 25
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Insight Into the Seasonal Variations of the Sea‐Land Breeze in Los Angeles With Respect to the Effects of Solar Radiation and Climate Type
Shen, L., Zhao, C., & Yang, X. (2021) · Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2020jd033197 · Cited by 25
“• The land wind has no clear seasonal variation due to the stronger upper westerlies in winter that offset the seasonal TDLS effect Correspondence to: C. Zhao, czhao@bnu.edu.cn Citation: Shen, L., Zhao, C., & Yang, X. (2021).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
Improved Aerosol Retrievals Over Complex Regions Using NPP Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite Observations
Yang, Y., Zhao, C., Sun, L., & Wei, J. (2019) · Earth and Space Science · doi:10.1029/2019ea000574 · Cited by 25
“…effect (Albrecht, 1989; Chylek et al., 2016; Garrett & Zhao, 2006; Liepert & Lohmann, 2001; Lohmann & Feichter, 2005; Rap et al., 2013; Twomey, 1977; Zhao & Garrett, 2015), and semidirect effect (Bauer & Menon, 2012; Johnson, 2005; Koren et al., 2004; Nabat et al., 2015; Randles et al., 2009;…”
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Effects of long-range aerosol transport on the microphysical properties of low-level liquid clouds in the Arctic
Coopman, Q., Garrett, T. J., Riedi, J. C., Eckhardt, S., & Stohl, A. (2016) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-16-4661-2016 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
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Remotely sensed BC columns over rapidly changing Western China show significant decreases in mass and inconsistent changes in number, size, and mixing properties due to policy actions
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Characterization of fog microphysics and their relationships with visibility at a mountain site in China
Liu, Q., Shen, X.-J., Sun, J.-Y., Zhang, Y.-M., Qi, B., Ma, Q.-L., Han, L.-J., Xu, H.-H., Hu, X.-Y., Lu, J.-Y., et al. (2025) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-25-3253-2025 · Cited by 23
The dynamic, thermal and material structures of sea-land breeze circulation at the coastal of Ningbo, East China Sea
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Yang, Y.-C., Ge, B., Chen, X.-S., Yang, W., Wang, Z.-J., Chen, H.-S., Xu, D., Wang, J., Tan, Q.-X., & Wang, Z.-F. (2021) · Atmospheric research · doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105565 · Cited by 23
Spatio-temporal variability of near-surface air pollutants at four distinct geographical locations in Andhra Pradesh State of India.
Varaprasad, V., Kanawade, V., & Narayana, A. C. (2020) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.115899 · Cited by 23
Compensating Errors in Cloud Radiative and Physical Properties over the Southern Ocean in the CMIP6 Climate Models
Zhao, L.-J., Wang, Y., Zhao, C., Dong, X.-Q., & Yung, Y. (2022) · Advances in Atmospheric Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00376-022-2036-z · Cited by 22
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Sulfur aerosols in the Arctic, Antarctic, and Tibetan Plateau: Current knowledge and future perspectives
Pei, Q.-M., Saikawa, E., Kaspari, S., Widory, D., Zhao, C., Wu, G.-Y., Loewen, M., Wan, X., Kang, S.-C., Wang, X.-P., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103753 · Cited by 22
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Modelling wintertime sea-spray aerosols under Arctic haze conditions
Ioannidis, E., Law, K. S., Raut, J., Marelle, L., Onishi, T., Kirpes, R. M., Upchurch, L. M., Tuch, T., Wiedensohler, A., Maßling, A., et al. (2023) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-23-5641-2023 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“and size by increasing the long-wave emissivity of clouds (long-wave warming effect) (Zhao and Garrett, 2015; Horowitz et al., 2020).”
A satellite-based estimate of combustion aerosol cloud microphysical effects over the Arctic Ocean
Zamora, L., Kahn, R., Huebert, K. B., Stohl, A., & Eckhardt, S. (2018) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-18-14949-2018 · Cited by 19
“…have pronounced effects on Arctic cloud microphysical and radiative properties (e.g., Carrió et al., 2005; Coopman et al., 2016, 2018; Earle et al., 2011; Garrett et al., 2004; Jouan et al., 2014; Lubin and Vogelmann, 2006; Tietze et al., 2011; Zamora et al., 2016, 2017; Zhao and Garrett, 2015).”
Background
Current status of aerosol-cloud interactions and their impact over the Northern Indian Ocean: A comprehensive review
Tiwari, S., Kumar, H., Singh, S., & Kumar, A. (2022) · Atmospheric research · doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2022.106555 · Cited by 18
Evaluation of Cloud Microphysical Properties Derived From MODIS and Himawari‐8 Using In Situ Aircraft Measurements Over the Southern Ocean
Zhao, L.-J., Zhao, C., Wang, Y., Wang, Y., & Yang, Y.-K. (2020) · Earth and Space Science · doi:10.1029/2020ea001137 · Cited by 18
“…play a significant role on the global radiative energy balance, which has a cooling effect on the surface by reflecting solar radiation back into space and has a warming effect by trapping longwave radiation within the atmosphere (Schneider, 1972; Ramanathan et al., 1989; Zhao & Garrett, 2015).”
BackgroundSelf-citation
A new CCN activation parameterization and its potential influences on aerosol indirect effects
Wang, Y., Niu, S., Lu, C.-S., Fan, S.-X., Lv, J.-J., Xu, X.-Q., Jin, Y., & Sun, W. (2021) · doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2021.105491 · Cited by 17
Comprehensive Quantification of Height Dependence of Entrainment-Mixing between Stratiform Cloud Top and Environment
Gao, S.-N., Lu, C.-S., Liu, Y.-G., Yum, S., Zhu, J.-S., Zhu, L., Desai, N., Ma, Y.-F., & Wu, S. (2021) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-21-11225-2021 · Cited by 17
“Clouds are identified to be a significant origin of uncertainties in climate research because of poor simulations of clouds (Bony and Dufresne, 2005; Stephens, 2005; Zheng and Rosenfeld, 2015; Zhao and Garrett, 2015; Wang et al., 2019; Cess et al., 1989; Wang, 2015; Gao et al., 2016; Grabowski, 2006; Morrison, 2015).”
Background
Aerosol indirect effects on the nighttime Arctic Ocean surface from thin, predominantly liquid clouds.
Zamora, L., Kahn, R., Eckhardt, S., McComiskey, A., Sawamura, P., Moore, R. W., & Stohl, A. (2017) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-17-7311-2017 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“This observation follows expectations based on the Twomey effect, and is in line with previous studies in the Arctic 10 that have observed smaller rel correlated with increasing influence of aerosols (Coopman et al., 2016; Lubin and Vogelmann, 2006; Peng et al., 2002; Tietze et al., 2011; Zamora et al., 2016; Zhao and…”
BackgroundResult
Aerosol and cloud properties over a coastal area from aircraft observations in Zhejiang, China
Che, Y.-F., Zhang, J., Fang, C.-M., Zhou, X., Xue, W., Hu, X., Duan, J., Li, W., Gao, Y., Lu, G., et al. (2021) · Atmospheric Environment · doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118771 · Cited by 16
Self-citation
Advances in Research on the ITCZ: Mean Position, Model Bias, and Anthropogenic Aerosol Influences
Zhang, H., Ma, X., Zhao, S., & Kong, L. (2021) · 气象学报：英文版 · doi:10.1007/s13351-021-0203-2 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“Compared with greenhouse gases, anthropogenic aerosol particles have a shorter lifetime in the atmosphere (Garrett et al., 2010; Wang, 2011; Zhao, 2015; Kristiansen et al., 2016), so a uniform terrestrial distribution can not be achieved, with the anthropogenic aerosols in the NH far more abundant…”
Background
Relationship Between Wintertime Leads and Low Clouds in the Pan‐Arctic
Li, X., Krueger, S., Strong, C., & Mace, G. (2020) · Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2020jd032595 · Cited by 16
“…energy budget by altering the downwelling longwave radiation (Curry et al., 1996; Morrison et al., 2011; Shupe & Intrieri, 2004; Shupe, 2011; Zhao & Garrett, 2015) and on the Arctic climate feedbacks (Kay & Gettelman, 2009; Kay et al., 2012; Winton, 2006), particularly in the Arctic…”
Background
Potential impacts of Arctic warming on Northern Hemisphere mid-latitude aerosol optical depth
Chen, Y., Zhao, C., & Ming, Y. (2019) · Climate Dynamics · doi:10.1007/s00382-019-04706-3 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
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The Impacts of Atmospheric and Surface Parameters on Long-Term Variations in the Planetary Albedo
Jian, B., Li, J.-M., Wang, G.-Y., He, Y., Han, Y., Zhang, M., & Huang, J.-P. (2018) · Journal of Climate · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-17-0848.1 · Cited by 16
“Generally, changes in the planetary albedo are complicatedly controlled by both atmospheric and surface properties, for example, the cloud fractional coverage, cloud liquid water path, cloud ice water path, water vapor, and atmospheric aerosol amounts (Klein and Hartmann 1993; Held and Soden 2000; Christopher and Zhan…”
Background
Glacial Inception on Baffin Island: The Role of Insolation, Meteorology, and Topography
Birch, L., Cronin, T., & Tziperman, E. (2017) · doi:10.1175/jcli-d-16-0576.1 · Cited by 16
“The CRF can range from ;40 to275Wm22 (Zhao and Garrett 2015), which translates to a positive CRF (warming) in the winter months and cooling during the summer of about 250Wm22.”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Sensitivity of cloud microphysics to aerosol is highly associated with cloud water content: Implications for indirect radiative forcing
Wang, Y., Jia, H.-L., Zhang, P., Fang, F., Li, J.-Y., Zhu, L., Wang, Y., Wang, T., & Li, J.-M. (2024) · Atmospheric research · doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2024.107552 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Measurement report: High Arctic aerosol hygroscopicity at sub- and supersaturated conditions during spring and summer
Maßling, A., Lange, R. G., Pernov, J., Gosewinkel, U., Sørensen, L. L., & Skov, H. (2023) · Atmospheric chemistry and physics · doi:10.5194/acp-23-4931-2023 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Cloud macrophysical characteristics in China mainland and east coast from 2006 to 2017 using satellite active remote sensing observations
Chi, Y., Zhao, C., Yang, Y.-K., Ma, Z.-S., & Yang, J. (2022) · International Journal of Climatology · doi:10.1002/joc.7790 · Cited by 15
“Clouds can modify the Earth's energy budget by directly reflecting solar radiation and absorbing thermal radiation from the Earth (Hartmann and Larson, 2002; Garrett and Zhao, 2006; Zhao and Garrett, 2015; Mao et al., 2019).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citation
Dependence of cloud radiation on cloud overlap, horizontal inhomogeneity, and vertical alignment in stratiform and convective regions
Wang, X.-C., Miao, H., Liu, Y.-M., & Bao, Q. (2021) · doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.105358 · Cited by 15
Case Study of Blowing Snow Impacts on the Antarctic Peninsula Lower Atmosphere and Surface Simulated With a Snow/Ice Enhanced WRF Model
Luo, L., Zhang, J., Hock, R., & Yao, Y. (2020) · Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2020jd033936 · Cited by 15
“Similar conclusions have also been noted in previous studies which show that cloud properties, such as cloud water-bearing content, cloud thickness, and so on, can influence cloud longwave and shortwave radiative forcings (Matus & L'Ecuyer, 2017; Miller et al., 2015; Zhao & Garrett, 2015).”
Result
The change of cloud top height over East Asia during 2000–2018
Zhao, M., Zhang, H., Wang, H.-B., Zhou, X.-X., Zhu, L., An, Q., & Chen, Q. (2020) · Advances in Climate Change Research · doi:10.1016/j.accre.2020.05.004 · Cited by 15
Anthropogenic Effects on Cloud Condensation Nuclei Distribution and Rain Initiation in East Asia
Liu, C., Wang, T.-J., Rosenfeld, D., Zhu, Y.-N., Yue, Z., Yu, X., Xie, X.-D., Li, S., Zhuang, B.-L., Cheng, T., et al. (2020) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2019gl086184 · Cited by 15
“…processes (Guo et al., 2018; Liu, Ming, et al., 2018; Zhao, Lin, et al., 2018), and the cloud radiative effects (Liu, Yim, et al., 2018; Zhao & Garrett, 2015) and subsequently affect the atmospheric circulation and climate (Liu, et al., 2019; Pendergrass et al., 2019; Pruppacher &…”
Background
Aerosol properties and their influences on low warm clouds during the Two-Column Aerosol Project
Liu, J.-J., & Li, Z. (2019) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-19-9515-2019 · Cited by 15
“Aerosols also influence cloud properties through the thermal emissivity effect (e.g., Garrett and Zhao, 2006; Zhao and Garrett, 2015) and the semi-direct effect (e.g., Koren et al., 2004).”
Aircraft measurements of aerosol distribution, warm cloud microphysical properties, and their relationship over the Eastern Loess Plateau in China
Li, J.-X., Li, P.-R., Ren, G., Yuan, L., Li, Y., & Yang, J.-M. (2019) · Tellus: Series B, Chemical and Physical Meteorology · doi:10.1080/16000889.2019.1663994 · Cited by 15
“…concentration (Na) and effective diameter (ED), exerts strong effects on the estimates of direct and indirect radiative forcing by aerosols (Welton et al., 2002; Han et al., 2003; Garrett and Zhao, 2006; IPCC, 2007; Campbell et al., 2013; Ma and Yu, 2014; Zhao and Garrett, 2015; Li et al.,2015a).”
Background
Characterization of submicron aerosols and CCN over the Yellow Sea measured onboard the Gisang 1 research vessel using the positive matrix factorization analysis method
Park, M., Yum, S., Kim, N., Cha, J., Shin, B., & Ryoo, S. (2018) · Atmospheric research · doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.08.015 · Cited by 15
The relationships among aerosol optical depth, ice, phytoplankton and dimethylsulfide and the implication for future climate in the Greenland Sea
Qu, B., Gabric, A., Zhao, L., Sun, W.-J., Li, H., Gu, P.-J., Jiang, L., & Zeng, M.-F. (2018) · Acta Oceanologica Sinica · doi:10.1007/s13131-018-1210-8 · Cited by 15
Shortwave cloud warming effect observed over highly reflective Greenland.
Zhang, H., Zhao, C.-F., Li, J., Yu, Y., Chen, A., Yang, Y.-K., Xia, Y., Yang, J., Sun, Y., Chi, Y., et al. (2025) · Science Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.scib.2025.01.027 · Cited by 14
Self-citation
Impacts of the Saharan air layer on the physical properties of the Atlantic tropical cyclone cloud systems: 2003–2019
Luo, H., & Han, Y. (2021) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-2021-462 · Cited by 14
Aerosol Effect on the Cloud Phase of Low‐Level Clouds Over the Arctic
Filioglou, M., Mielonen, T., Balis, D., Giannakaki, E., Arola, A., Kokkola, H., Komppula, M., & Romakkaniemi, S. (2019) · Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2018jd030088 · Cited by 14
“…contribution of aerosol to the radiative forcing of Arctic clouds is still highly uncertain (Coopman, Riedi, et al., 2018; Flanner, 2013; Garrett et al., 2002; Garrett et al., 2004; Norgren et al., 2018; Solomon et al., 2018; Wylie & Hudson, 2002; Zamora et al., 2018; Zhao & Garrett, 2015).”
Background

Authors: Zhao, C., & Garrett, T. J.
Affiliations: Beijing Normal University (CN)
University of Utah (US)
Corresponding author: Zhao, Chuanfeng
ORCID: Zhao, Chuanfeng
Garrett, Timothy J.
Venue: Geophysical Research Letters
Publisher: American Geophysical Union (AGU)
Published: 2015-01-18
Volume: 42
Issue: 2
Pages: 557-564
ISSN: 0094-8276 (ISSN-L)
1944-8007
DOI: 10.1002/2014gl062015
OpenAlex: W1488307296
Cited by: 249
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 12 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 57 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7
FWCI: 4.96
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Geophysical Research Letters (publishedVersion)
Funders: Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2013CB955802)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (0649570)
National Science Foundation (1303965)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Atmospheric Science › Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Climate variability and models
Keywords: Arctic haze, aerosol-cloud interactions, cloud effective radius, cloud water path, seasonal forcing, sea ice melting, Barrow, Alaska

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Effects of Arctic haze on surface cloud radiative forcing

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