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Self‐formed waterfall plunge pools in homogeneous rock
Open accessAbstract
Waterfalls are ubiquitous, and their upstream propagation can set the pace of landscape evolution, yet no experimental studies have examined waterfall plunge pool erosion in homogeneous rock. We performed laboratory experiments, using synthetic foam as a bedrock simulant, to produce self‐formed waterfall plunge pools via particle impact abrasion. Plunge pool vertical incision exceeded lateral erosion by approximately tenfold until pools deepened to the point that the supplied sediment could not be evacuated and deposition armored the pool bedrock floor. Lateral erosion of plunge pool sidewalls continued after sediment deposition, but primarily at the downstream pool wall, which might lead to undermining of the plunge pool lip, sediment evacuation, and continued vertical pool floor incision in natural streams. Undercutting of the upstream pool wall was absent, and our results suggest that vertical drilling of successive plunge pools is a more efficient waterfall retreat mechanism than the classic model of headwall undercutting and collapse in homogeneous rock.
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References 34 · Cited by 66
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Metadata
- Authors
- Scheingross, J. S., Lo, D. Y., & Lamb, M. P.
- Affiliations
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Scheingross, Joel S.
- Venue
- Geophysical Research Letters
- Publisher
- American Geophysical Union (AGU)
- Published
- 2017-01-13
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 200-208
- ISSN
- 0094-8276 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8007
- OpenAlex
- W2557355897
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3
- FWCI
- 4.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Geophysical Research Letters (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- CaltechAUTHORS (California Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Publication Database GFZ (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences) (submittedVersion)
- Publication Database GFZ (GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (EAR‐1147381)
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Earth-Surface Processes › Hydrology and Sediment Transport Processes
- Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Earth-Surface Processes › Geological formations and processes
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil erosion and sediment transport
- Keywords
- vertical incision, lateral erosion, sediment deposition, landscape evolution
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