Recoverable and Recyclable Catalysts

Abstract

Preface. Acknowledgements. Contributors. 1 The Experimental Assay of Catalyst Recovery: General Concepts ( John A. Gladysz ). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Catalyst Precursor vs Catalyst. 1.3 Catalyst vs Catalyst Resting State. 1.4 Catalyst Inventory: Loss Mechanisms. 1.5 Evaluation of Catalyst Recovery. 1.6 Prospective. References. 2 Surface-functionalized Nanoporous Catalysts for Renewable Chemistry ( Brian G. Trewyn, Hung-Ting Chen and Victor S.-Y. Lin ). 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 Immobilization Strategies of Heterogeneous Catalysts. 2.3 Efficient Heterogeneous Catalysts with Enhanced Reactivity and Selectivity with Functionality. 2.4 Other Heterogeneous Catalyst Systems on Nonsilica Supports. 2.5 Conclusion. References. 3 Insoluble Resin-supported Catalysts ( Gang Zhao and Zhuo Chai ). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Transition Metal Catalyzed C-C Bond Formation Reactions. 3.3 Oxidation. 3.4 Reduction. 3.5 Organocatalyzed Reactions. 3.6 Annulation Reactions. 3.7 Miscellaneous. 3.8 Conclusion. References. 4 Catalysts Bound to Soluble Polymers ( Tamilselvi Chinnusamy, Petra Hilgers and Oliver Reiser ). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Soluble Supports - General Considerations. 4.3 Recent Developments of Soluble Polymer-supported Catalysts. 4.4 Recent Examples for Reactions Promoted by Catalysts Bound to Soluble Polymers. 4.5 Conclusion. List of Abbreviations. References. 5 Polymeric, Recoverable Catalytic Systems ( Qiao-Sheng Hu ). 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Polymeric Catalyst Systems. 5.3 Summary. Acknowledgements. References. 6 Thermomorphic Catalysts ( David E. Bergbreiter ). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Thermomorphic Catalyst Separation Strategies. 6.3 Hydrogenation Reactions Under Thermomorphic Conditions. 6.4 Hydroformylation Reactions Under Thermomorphic Conditions. 6.5 Hydroaminations Under Thermomorphic Conditions. 6.6 Pd-catalyzed Reactions Under Thermomorphic Conditions. 6.7 Polymerization Reactions Under Thermomorphic Conditions. 6.8 Organocatalysis Under Thermomorphic Conditions. 6.9 Cu(I)-catalyzed 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions Under Thermomorphic Conditions. 6.10 Thermomorphic Hydrosilylation Catalysts. 6.11 Thermomorphic Catalytic Oxidations. 6.12 Conclusions. References. 7 Self-supported Asymmetric Catalysts ( Wenbin Lin and David J. Mihalcik ). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Self-supported Asymmetric Catalysts Formed by Linking Catalytically Active Subunits via Metal-Ligand Coordination. 7.3 Self-supported Asymmetric Catalysts Formed by Post-synthetic Modifications of Coordination Polymers. 7.4 Self-supported Asymmetric Catalysts Formed by Linking Multitopic Chiral Ligands with Catalytic Metal Centers. 7.5 Conclusions and Outlook. Acknowledgments. References. 8 Fluorous Chiral Catalyst Immobilization ( Tibor Soos ). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Fluorous Chemistry and its Basic Recovery Concepts. 8.3 Application of Fluorous Chiral Catalysts. 8.4 Summary. References. 9 Biphasic Catalysis: Catalysis in Supercritical CO2 and in Water ( Simon L. Desset and David J. Cole-Hamilton ). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Biphasic Catalysis. 9.3 Aqueous Biphasic Catalysis. 9.4 Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. 9.5 Conclusion. References. 10 Asymmetric Catalysis in Ionic Liquids ( Lijin Xu and Jianliang Xiao ). 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Metal-catalyzed Asymmetric Reactions in ILs. 10.3 Asymmetric Organocatalytic Reactions in ILs. 10.4 Concluding Remarks. References. 11 Recoverable Organic Catalysts ( Maurizio Benaglia ). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Achiral Organic Catalysts. 11.3 Chiral Organic Catalysts. 11.4 Catalysts Derived from Amino Acids. 11.5 General Considerations on Recyclable Organocatalysts. 11.6 Outlook and Perspectives. References. 12 Organic Polymer-microencapsulated Metal Catalysts ( Jun Ou and Patrick H. Toy ). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Non-cross-linked Polymer-microencapsulated Catalysts. 12.3 Cross-linked Polymer-microencapsulated Catalysts. 12.4 Summary Table. 12.5 Conclusions. References. 13 Organic Synthesis with Mini Flow Reactors Using Immobilised Catalysts ( Sascha Ceylan and Andreas Kirschning ). 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Catalysis in Mini Flow Reactors with Immobilised Catalysts. 13.3 Miscellaneous Enabling Techniques for Mini Flow Systems. 13.4 Perspectives and Outlook. References. 14 Homogeneous Catalysis Using Microreactor Technology ( Johan C. Brandt and Thomas Wirth ). 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Acid-catalysed Reactions. 14.3 Liquid-liquid Biphasic Systems. 14.4 Photocatalysis. 14.5 Asymmetric Catalytic Reactions. 14.6 Unusual Reaction Conditions. References. 15 Catalyst Immobilization Strategy: Some General Considerations and a Comparison of the Main Features of Different Supports ( Franco Cozzi ). 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 General Considerations on Catalyst Immobilization. 15.3 Comparison of Different Supports Employed for the Immobilization of Proline. 15.4 Comparison of Different Supports Employed for the Immobilization of Bis(oxazolines). 15.5 Conclusions. References. Index.