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Markov Chains: From Theory to Implementation and Experimentation
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“In addition, the Markov model [159, 296] (elaborated 50 years earlier) was leveraged to construct a process based on discrete-time state transitions and action rewards, named Markov Decision Process (MDP), which formalizes sequential decision-making problems in a fully observable, controlled environment [46].”
From A comprehensive survey on machine learning for networking: Evolution, applications and research opportunities (2018) · cites this paper as [159]
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Carvalho, P. M. S., Ferreira, L., & Dias, A. M. F. (2018) · Foundations and Trends® in Electric Energy Systems · doi:10.1561/3100000018 · Cited by 13
Stochastic Modeling of Plant Virus Propagation with Biological Control
Chen‐Charpentier, B. M. (2021) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math9050456 · Cited by 12
Yes We can: Watermarking Machine Learning Models beyond Classification
Lounici, S., Njeh, M., Ermiş, O., Önen, M., & Trabelsi, S. (2021) · IEEE Computer Security Foundations Workshop (CSFW) · doi:10.1109/csf51468.2021.00044 · Cited by 13
“In order to do that, the adversary can build a random string detector based on Markov Chains [20].”
Landmark Privacy: Configurable Differential Privacy Protection for Time Series
Katsomallos, M., Tzompanaki, K., & Kotzinos, D. (2022) · ACM Conference on Data and Application Security and Privacy (CODASPY) · doi:10.1145/3508398.3511501 · Cited by 12
Gaze Information Channel in Cognitive Comprehension of Poster Reading
Hao, Q., Sbert, M., & Ma, L. (2019) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e21050444 · Cited by 15
PPTPF: Privacy-Preserving Trajectory Publication Framework for CDR Mobile Trajectories
Yang, J., Dash, M., & Teo, S. G. (2021) · ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information · doi:10.3390/ijgi10040224 · Cited by 11
Artificial Intelligence in Education
Hussain, S. (2024) · Advances in Science, Technology & Innovation/Advances in science, technology & innovation · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-51244-5_27 · Cited by 12
Al-Shaar, W., Lehmann, X., Saad, N. G. E.-D., et al. (2025) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0318604 · Cited by 11
Li, C., Weng, Y., Zhang, Y., & Wang, B. (2023) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics13030537 · Cited by 11
Al-Shaar, W. (2023) · Modeling Earth Systems and Environment · doi:10.1007/s40808-023-01781-8 · Cited by 11
“The predictive probability theory revealing that the results of future experiments are dependent to some extent on the outcomes of historical chance is known as the Markov Chain (Al-Shaar et al. 2020; Gagniuc 2017).”
Risk-based, sensor-fused detection of flooding casualties for emergency response
Karolius, K. B., Cichowicz, J., & Vassalos, D. (2020) · Ships and Offshore Structures · doi:10.1080/17445302.2020.1735846 · Cited by 11
“The posterior update in time can be interpreted as a recursive state transition of a Markovian process (Gagniuc, 2017) in which the next state 𝑥𝑘 depends solely on the immediately preceding state 𝑥𝑘−1.”
BackgroundClarfeld, L. A., Gramling, R. E., Rizzo, D. M., & Eppstein, M. J. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0253124 · Cited by 11
Carlos-Sandberg, L., & Clack, C. D. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-97741-2 · Cited by 11
Application of Hidden Markov Models to Analyze, Group and Visualize Spatio-Temporal COVID-19 Data
Zhou, S., Braca, P., Maranò, S., Willett, P., Millefiori, L. M., Gaglione, D., & Pattipati, K. R. (2021) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2021.3114364 · Cited by 11
“This constraint implies that all the HMM states are strongly connected and that every hidden state is reachable from every other hidden state [40].”
BackgroundGang, A., Xiang, B., & Bajwa, W. U. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Signal and Information Processing over Networks · doi:10.1109/tsipn.2021.3122297 · Cited by 12
“3 show that S-DOT and SA-DOT do not perform too well since ring topology is a periodic Markov chain [33] that cannot converge to a steady-state distribution.”
BackgroundJamali, A. A., Behnam, A., Almodaresi, S. A., He, S., & Jaafari, A. (2023) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-023-03633-y · Cited by 11
Markov Chain Signal Generation Based on Single Magnetic Tunnel Junction
Yuan, X., Jian, J., Chai, Z., et al. (2023) · IEEE Electron Device Letters · doi:10.1109/led.2023.3322194 · Cited by 11
Mitchell, M. (2024) · doi:10.21428/e2759450.2bb20e3c · Cited by 13
Arid and semiarid rangeland responses to non-stationary temporal dynamics of environmental drivers
Easdale, M. H., Perri, D. V., & Bruzzone, O. A. (2022) · Remote Sensing Applications Society and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.rsase.2022.100796 · Cited by 10
Chen, D., Su, P., Ottikkutti, S., Vartholomeos, P., Tahmasebi, K. N., & Karamousadakis, M. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12030986 · Cited by 11
Shi, W., Xue, G., Yin, X., et al. (2022) · Journal of Information Science · doi:10.1177/01655515221100728 · Cited by 10
“This article contributes in predicting the trend of netizens’ emotional state by combining association rules [1–3] and Markov Chain [4].”
MethodFunctional imaging of conduction dynamics in cortical and spinal axons
Radivojević, M., & Punga, A. R. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.86512 · Cited by 10
Variable star classification using multiview metric learning
Johnston, K., Caballero-Nieves, S. M., Pétit, V., et al. (2019) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3165 · Cited by 10
“…identification has varied between generating machine learned features (Bos et al. 2002; Broersen 2009; Blomme et al. 2011; Bolós and Benítez 2014; Gagniuc 2017), implementing generic features (e.g. Fourier domain features; Debosscher 2009; Richards et al. 2012; Palaversa et al. 2013; Masci et…”
BackgroundKinetic model for a sol-gel transition: application of the modified Bailey criterion
Suman, K., & Joshi, Y. M. (2020) · Rheologica Acta · doi:10.1007/s00397-020-01237-1 · Cited by 10
“To this objective, we make use of an umbrella formalism associated with theMarkovian hypothesis that has applications in a variety of fields together with, but not limited to, science, music, and social science including economics (Gagniuc 2017; Kampen 1981).”
MethodDynamic Causality Knowledge Graph Generation for Supporting the Chatbot Healthcare System
Yu, H. Q. (2020) · Advances in intelligent systems and computing · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-63092-8_3 · Cited by 10
Between pebbles and organisms: weaving autonomy into the Markov blanket
van Es, T., & Kirchhoff, M. D. (2021) · Synthese · doi:10.1007/s11229-021-03084-w · Cited by 10
“Yet being in a steady state implies that the system remains in the same state over time (Gagniuc, 2017).”
BackgroundAn integrated modelling framework for complex systems safety analysis
Tolo, S., & Andrews, J. (2022) · Quality and Reliability Engineering International · doi:10.1002/qre.3212 · Cited by 10
Herrera-Granda, I. D., Alemany, M. M. E., Peluffo-Ordóñez, D. H., Herrera-Granda, E. P., & D’Ambrosio, G. (2026) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2026.3657974 · Cited by 11
“In addition, Markov Chains (MC) and Monte Carlo Experiments (MCE) are powerful tools for simulating dynamic systems and evaluating scenarios under uncertainty [25], [26].”
Graph reconstruction and attraction method for community detection
Wu, X., Teng, D., Zhang, H., et al. (2025) · Applied Intelligence · doi:10.1007/s10489-024-05858-4 · Cited by 9
“In GRAM, we extract network structure information of a graph by introducing a new passing probability matrix based on Markov Chains [12] by which a new graph is further reconstructed, and modularity optimization is adopted on the reconstructed one instead of the original one for non-overlapping…”
Modeling methods for strategy formulation in a turbulent environment
Gavrilova, T. A., Kubelskiy, M., Kudryavtsev, D., et al. (2018) · Strategic Change · doi:10.1002/jsc.2209 · Cited by 9
Context-aware knowledge selection and reliable model recommendation with ACCORDION
Ahmed, Y. M., Telmer, C. A., Zhou, G., et al. (2024) · Frontiers in Systems Biology · doi:10.3389/fsysb.2024.1308292 · Cited by 9
Li, J., Zhang, L., He, C., et al. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10082819 · Cited by 9
“It describes stochastic processes with discrete state space or discrete index set [36].”
BackgroundDimitriadis, S. I., López, M. E., Maestú, F., & Pereda, E. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.00542 · Cited by 10
A Stochastic Model for Residential User Activity Simulation
Liu, X., Yang, Y., Li, R., et al. (2019) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en12173326 · Cited by 9
“The theory of Markov chain and some practical application can be found in [21,22].”
BackgroundA detection metric designed for O’Connell effect eclipsing binaries
Johnston, K. B., Haber, R., Caballero-Nieves, S. M., et al. (2019) · Computational Astrophysics and Cosmology · doi:10.1186/s40668-019-0031-2 · Cited by 9
Business as Unusual: A Model for Continuous Real-Time Business Insights Based on Low Level Metrics
Figalist, I., Elsner, C., Bosch, J., et al. (2019) · Euromicro Conference on Software Engineering and Advanced Applications (SEAA) · doi:10.1109/seaa.2019.00019 · Cited by 9
Modeling Personalized Adjuvant TreaTment in EaRly stage coloN cancer (PATTERN)
Jongeneel, G., Greuter, M. J. E., van Erning, F. N., Koopman, M., Medema, J. P., Kandimalla, R., Goel, A., Bujanda, L., Meijer, G. A., Fijneman, R. J. A., et al. (2020) · The European Journal of Health Economics · doi:10.1007/s10198-020-01199-4 · Cited by 9
A Dynamic Model of Cournot Competition for an Oligopolistic Market
Lian, Z., & Zheng, J. (2021) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math9050489 · Cited by 9
Adeyemo, O. D., & Khalique, C. M. (2023) · Journal of Nonlinear Mathematical Physics · doi:10.1007/s44198-022-00101-5 · Cited by 9
Graph alignment exploiting the spatial organization improves the similarity of brain networks
Calissano, A., Papadopoulo, T., Pennec, X., & Deslauriers‐Gauthier, S. (2024) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.26554 · Cited by 7
“In FAQ, such initialization matrices has to be a doubly stochastic matrix (Gagniuc, 2017).”
BackgroundTides and Coastal Geomorphology: The Role of Non-Stationary Processes
Jay, D. A., Devlin, A. T., Idier, D., Prokocki, E. W., & Flick, R. E. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-818234-5.00166-8 · Cited by 10
Learning from Multiple Annotator Noisy Labels via Sample-Wise Label Fusion
Gao, Z., Sun, F.-K., Yang, M., Ren, S., Xiong, Z., Engeler, M., Burazer, A., Wildling, L., Daniel, L., & Boning, D. S. (2022) · Lecture notes in computer science · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-20053-3_24 · Cited by 10
Yuan, X., Jian, J., Chai, Z., et al. (2024) · IEEE Electron Device Letters · doi:10.1109/led.2024.3394711 · Cited by 8
“M ARKOV process is a stochastic process with a sequence of possible events, in which the probability of the next event depends only on the state attained in the present event, and is independent of the past events [1], [2].”
BackgroundMarkov Chain Analysis of Ship Energy Efficiency
Garbatov, Y., Yalamov, D., & Georgiev, P. (2024) · Energies · doi:10.3390/en17123018 · Cited by 8
Ding, Y., Zhang, Z., Hu, H., He, F., Cheng, S., & Zhang, Y. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-8009-9_4 · Cited by 8
A Survey of Markov Model in Reinforcement Learning
Gao, T., Chen, B., & Mi, Q. (2022) · International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Information and Communication (ICAIIC) · doi:10.1109/icaiic54071.2022.9722618 · Cited by 9
Gamification: A Motivation Metric Based in a Markov Model
Aguiar-Castillo, L., Arce-Santana, E., Guerra-Yánez, C., Guerra-Yanez, V., & Pérez‐Jiménez, R. (2021) · International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) · doi:10.3991/ijet.v17i13.30781 · Cited by 15
Phase variation in pneumococcal populations during carriage in the human nasopharynx
Croix, M. D. S., Mitsi, E., Morozov, A. Y., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-58684-2 · Cited by 8
A Distributed Pulse-Based Synchronization Protocol for Half-Duplex D2D Communications
Karatalay, O., Psaromiligkos, I., Champagne, B., et al. (2021) · IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society · doi:10.1109/ojcoms.2021.3054810 · Cited by 8
“Note that the row sums of W and V are normalized to one and since their product is a square matrix, it becomes a right stochastic matrix [32].”
BackgroundInteracting Multiple-Mode Estimation Using Centroid Fixed Structure for High Precision
Li, G., Wang, Q., Zhang, S., et al. (2023) · IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems · doi:10.1109/taes.2023.3328546 · Cited by 7
“However, those estimators cannot jump from one model to the other [5], [6], [7].”
BackgroundEnsure: Towards Reliable Control of Cyber-Physical Systems Under Uncertainty
Yang, W., Xu, C., Pan, M., et al. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Reliability · doi:10.1109/tr.2022.3167116 · Cited by 7
“A Markov chain is a stochastic model describing a sequence of possible events in which the probability of each event depends only on the state attained in the previous event [41].”
BackgroundModelling and analysis of social engineering threats using the attack tree and the Markov model
Aijaz, M., & Nazir, M. (2023) · International Journal of Information Technology · doi:10.1007/s41870-023-01540-z · Cited by 7
“SETs are extracted from the existing literature [20] and real-life cases and preprocessed the given data to construct the proposed attack tree and Markov chain.”
Akhtar, Z. B. (2024) · Computing and artificial intelligence. · doi:10.59400/cai.v3i1.1498 · Cited by 7
“Its ability to generate diverse forms of content, from computer code and essays to creative works like poems, highlights its versatility and potential to revolutionize content creation across various industries [23–33].”
BackgroundSelfish Mining Time-Averaged Analysis in Bitcoin: Is Orphan Reporting an Effective Countermeasure?
Sarenche, R., Zhang, R., Nikova⋆, S., et al. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security · doi:10.1109/tifs.2024.3518090 · Cited by 7
Embracing Noise in Chemical Reaction Networks
Enciso, G., & Kim, J. (2019) · Bulletin of Mathematical Biology · doi:10.1007/s11538-019-00575-3 · Cited by 6
“…stochastic models was laid out in B German Enciso enciso@uci.edu 1 Mathematics Department, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA G. Enciso, J. Kim the early twentieth century byMarkov and others, with what is now known as discretespace, continuous-time Markov processes (Gagniuc 2017).”
Parameshwarappa, P., Chen, Z., & Koru, G. (2020) · International Journal of Information Security and Privacy · doi:10.4018/ijisp.2020070105 · Cited by 7
Classification with LSTM Networks in User Behaviour Analytics with Unbalanced Environment
Parshutin, S., Kirshners, A., Kornijenko, Y., Zabiniako, V., Gasparovica-Asite, M., & Rozkalns, A. (2021) · Automatic Control and Computer Sciences · doi:10.3103/s0146411621010077 · Cited by 7
Analyzing the Omni-Channel Shopper Journey Configuration of Generations Y and Z
Chang, W., & Chen, L.-M. (2021) · Journal of Organizational and End User Computing · doi:10.4018/joeuc.293273 · Cited by 8
“(1) is called the transition probability that the state in time t +1 is only affected by the state in time t , not by the previous states from time 0 to t −1 (Gagniuc, 2017).”
BackgroundDevising a method for improving the efficiency of artillery shooting based on the Markov model
Boltenkov, V., Brunetkin, O., Dobrynin, Y. V., et al. (2021) · Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies · doi:10.15587/1729-4061.2021.245854 · Cited by 7
An Actinic Keratosis Auxiliary Diagnosis Method Based on an Enhanced MobileNet Model
Li, S., Li, C., Liu, Q., et al. (2023) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering10060732 · Cited by 7
Predicting future opportunities and threats of land-use changes on beekeeping activities in Turkey
Sarı, F. (2023) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-023-03557-7 · Cited by 6
Technical review on derivation methods for behavior dependent functional responses
Garay, J. (2019) · Community Ecology · doi:10.1556/168.2019.20.1.4 · Cited by 8
“Markov chain is "a stochastic model describing a sequence of possible events in which the probability of each event depends only on the state attained in the previous event" (Gagniuc 2017).”
BackgroundMignot, S., & Vignes, A. (2019) · OEconomia · doi:10.4000/oeconomia.8222 · Cited by 6
Londe, V., de Sousa, H. C., & Messias, M. C. T. B. (2020) · Environmental Monitoring and Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10661-020-08583-w · Cited by 7
“A Markov chain is a stochastic model that describes a sequence of possible events in which the probability of each event depends on the state reached in the previous event (Gagniuc 2017).”
BackgroundBayesian Latent Class Analysis: Sample Size, Model Size, and Classification Precision
Mîndrilă, D. (2023) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math11122753 · Cited by 7
O'Brien, D. T., Ristea, A., Tucker, R., et al. (2022) · Journal of Quantitative Criminology · doi:10.1007/s10940-022-09542-z · Cited by 6
“Markov chains are a random process that consists of: a state space, or the profiles of crime and disorder that a parcel might experience; a transition matrix describing the probabilities of transitions between states; and an initial distribution of states (Gagniuc 2017).”
BackgroundModelling variability in functional brain networks using embeddings
Huang, R., Gohil, C., & Woolrich, M. W. (2026) · Imaging Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/imag.a.1188 · Cited by 6
Limited Scope for Group Coordination in Stylistic Variations of Kolam Art
Tran, N.-H., Kucharský, Š., Waring, T. M., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.742577 · Cited by 6
“Kolam Art as a Markov System Since each kolam loop pattern2 can be decomposed into a sequence of gestures and artists strive to form uniform and smooth loops, the system can be described by a state-based Markov process, whereby the conditional probability distribution for the system at the next step depends only on th…”
BackgroundAn Observationally Trained Markov Model for MJO Propagation
Hagos, S., Leung, L.-Y. R., Zhang, C., et al. (2021) · Geophysical Research Letters · doi:10.1029/2021gl095663 · Cited by 6
“An important point to note is that Equation 2 represents a Markovian model, which is the simplest form in the general class of stochastic models (Gagniuc, 2017; Wilks, 1995), that is, the change in 𝐴𝐴 𝑺𝑺 𝑡𝑡 is assumed to depend only on its previous state 𝐴𝐴 𝑺𝑺 𝑡𝑡 −1 .”
BackgroundForecasting of the Employment Rate in the EU ICT Field
Zatonatska, T. H., Klapkiv, Y., Dluhopolskyi, O. V., & Fedirko, O. (2022) · Comparative Economic Research Central and Eastern Europe · doi:10.18778/1508-2008.25.19 · Cited by 9
“The Markov process is a “stochastic model describing a sequence of possible events in which the probability of each event depends only on the state attained in the previous event” (Gagniuc 2017, p. 62).”
Aguiar, G. M. B., & Balogh, J. M. (2022) · Competitio · doi:10.21845/comp/2022/1-2/2 · Cited by 6
Pathways for socio-economic system transitions expressed as a Markov chain
Schweizer, V. J., Jamieson-Lane, A., Cai, H., Lehner, S., & Smerlak, M. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0288928 · Cited by 6
“For a full introduction to Markov chains, we refer the reader to [28, 29].”
BackgroundTeaching Bayesian and Markov methods in business analytics curricula: An integrated approach
Johnson, M., Misra, R. B., & Berenson, M. L. (2021) · Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education · doi:10.1111/dsji.12249 · Cited by 6
A Quantitative Evaluation of Thin Slice Sampling for Parent–Infant Interactions
Burgess, R., Costantini, I., Bornstein, M. H., Campbell, A., Cordero, M., Culpin, I., Dingsdale, H., John, R. M., Kennedy, M., Tyson, H. R., et al. (2023) · Journal of Nonverbal Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10919-022-00420-7 · Cited by 6
Sustainable Disaster Response Management Related to Large Technical Systems
Kinzhikeyev, S., Rohács, J., Rohács, D., & Boros, A. (2020) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su122410290 · Cited by 6
Sándor, B., Schneider, B., Lázár, Z. I., & Ercsey-Ravasz, M. (2021) · Entropy · doi:10.3390/e23010103 · Cited by 7
Modeling Suburban Freeway Travel Variability considering Connected and Autonomous Vehicles
Khorshidi, N. A., Zargari, S. A., Mirzahossein, H., Shakoori, S., & Jin, X. (2024) · International Journal of Civil Engineering · doi:10.1007/s40999-024-01045-1 · Cited by 5
“A Markov chain, or process, is a statistical model that describes potential sequences of events, where each event’s occurrence depends only on the prior event [68].”
Alboghdady, M. A., Abbas, S., Alashry, M. K., et al. (2025) · Land · doi:10.3390/land14101962 · Cited by 5
Come for syntax, stay for speed, understand defects: an empirical study of defects in Julia programs
Rahman, A., Bose, D. B., Shakya, R., & Pandita, R. (2023) · Empirical Software Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10664-023-10328-5 · Cited by 5
“A Markov Chain is a stochastic model that describes a a sequence of possible events where the probability of each event depends on the state recorded in the previous event (Gagniuc, 2017).”
BackgroundMethodPretschner, A., Pabel, S., Haas, M., Heiner, M., & Marwan, W. (2021) · Frontiers in Genetics · doi:10.3389/fgene.2020.612256 · Cited by 5
“It models gene expression trajectories as Markov chains (Gagniuc, 2017), which assumes that each subsequent state only depends on the current state of a cell and not on its previous states, i.e., it does not depend on the individual history of a cell.”
BackgroundNetwork Analysis Using Markov Chain Applied to Wildlife Habitat Selection
Dhakal, T., Lim, S. J., Park, Y. C., et al. (2022) · Diversity · doi:10.3390/d14050330 · Cited by 5
Cayetano, C., Sullivan, E., Miller, P., et al. (2023) · UCL Open Environment · doi:10.14324/111.444/ucloe.000057 · Cited by 5
Macková, V., & Mařík, R. (2023) · Acta Fakulty filozofické · doi:10.24132/actaff.2023.15.1-2.3 · Cited by 6
AYDIN, T. K., & DURDURAN, S. S. (2024) · Earth Science Informatics · doi:10.1007/s12145-024-01283-w · Cited by 4
“It follows a conditional probability distribution with step-by-step probability transitions in the process (Alsharif et al. 2022; Gagniuc 2017).”
Kolleck, A., & Teubner, T. (2024) · Information Systems Management · doi:10.1080/10580530.2024.2339234 · Cited by 5
“Understanding ratings (in means of stars) as “states,” Markov chains can intuitively represent the underlying transition processes (Gagniuc, 2017).”
Heracles: A Novel State-based Distributed Verification Framework for DNS Configurations
Hu, K., Du, H., & Wang, Y. (2024) · doi:10.1145/3672199.3673890 · Cited by 5
Health Causal Probability Knowledge Graph
Yu, H. Q. (2020) · International Conference on Bioinformatics Research and Applications (ICBRA) · doi:10.1145/3440067.3440077 · Cited by 5
“Multinomial Naive Bayes [23] or Markov chain algorithm [24].”
MethodToward Human-Centered Design of Automated Vehicles: A Naturalistic Brake Policy
Rahmati, Y., Abianeh, A. S., Tabesh, M. T., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Future Transportation · doi:10.3389/ffutr.2021.683223 · Cited by 5
“The Markov property asserts that the future state of a process depends only on the current state, overlooking the future and past states (Gagniuc 2017).”
BackgroundReachability Analysis in Stochastic Directed Graphs by Reinforcement Learning
Possieri, C., Frasca, M., & Rizzo, A. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control · doi:10.1109/tac.2022.3143080 · Cited by 5
“Note that the matrix P is right stochastic [14], i.”
BackgroundForootan, E., & Mehrnegar, N. (2022) · All Earth · doi:10.1080/27669645.2022.2097768 · Cited by 5
“This assumption enables reasoning and computation with the model that would otherwise be intractable (Gagniuc, 2017).”
BackgroundModel predictive control energy management strategy of fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle
Touil, W., Li, Z., Outbib, R., et al. (2022) · Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society · doi:10.1109/iecon49645.2022.9968429 · Cited by 5
“4) Markov chain prediction model: With the Markov chain method, a stochastic sequence of future events, wherein the probability of each event depends only on the current state or the process history can be predicted [28].”
BackgroundQuantum algorithms for powering stable Hermitian matrices
González-García, G., Trivedi, R., & Cirac, J. I. (2021) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.103.062420 · Cited by 5
Sowunmi, F. A., Bello, A. A., Ogunniyi, A. I., & Omotayo, A. O. (2022) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su14138030 · Cited by 5
Overview of Recent Advancements in Deep Learning and Artificial Intelligence
Narayanan, V., Cao, Y. K., Panda, P., Challapalle, N. R., Du, X., Kim, Y., Krishnan, G., V, Lee, C., Li, Y., Sun, J., et al. (2023) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119853923.ch2 · Cited by 7
Real-Time Optimal Route Planning by Deep Reinforcement Learning and Validation with Flight Test
Shim, J., Park, J., Song, N. C., Jang, J., Choi, J.-Y., Lee, G., Prasad, R., & Choi, S. (2023) · AIAA AVIATION Forum · doi:10.2514/6.2023-3623 · Cited by 4
Addressing the Embeddability Problem in Transition Rate Estimation
Goolsby, C., Losey, J., Fakharzadeh, A., Xu, Y., Düker, M., Sherman, M. G., Matteson, D. S., & Moradi, M. (2023) · The Journal of Physical Chemistry A · doi:10.1021/acs.jpca.3c01367 · Cited by 6
“Building MSMs involves (1) discretization of conformational space, (2) extracting transition statistics from simulation trajectories, and (3) analyzing the transition statistics to estimate kinetic and thermodynamic properties 14 .”
MethodQuantifying uncertainty of mineral prediction using a novel Bayesian deep learning framework
Liu, Y. (2025) · Artificial Intelligence in Geosciences · doi:10.1016/j.aiig.2025.100164 · Cited by 5
The Study of Multivariable Autoregression Methods to Forecast Infectious Diseases
Azhar, M. A. R., Nugroho, H. A., & Wibirama, S. (2021) · IEEE International Conference on Information Technology, Information Systems and Electrical Engineering (ICITISEE) · doi:10.1109/icitisee53823.2021.9655881 · Cited by 4
Logical and probabilistic aspects of state estimation for Markovian systems
Lefebvre, D., Seatzu, C., Hadjicostis, C. N., et al. (2023) · Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Decision & Control, including the Symposium on Adaptive Processes · doi:10.1109/cdc49753.2023.10383800 · Cited by 4
Perfect simulation of steady-state Markov chain on mixed state space
Zakrad, A.-E., & Nasroallah, A. (2021) · Communication in Statistics- Theory and Methods · doi:10.1080/03610926.2021.1924783 · Cited by 4
“For more documentation on steady-state Markov chains and their applications, we suggest the following references: Rubinstein and Kroese (2011), Van der Hoek and Elliott (2012), Sericola (2013), Spieler and Wolf (2013), Gallager (2013), Sharma and Vishwakarma (2014) and Gagniuc (2017).”
BackgroundInfluential
Metadata
- Authors
- Gagniuc, P. A.
- Corresponding author
- Gagniuc, Paul A
- ORCID
- Gagniuc, Paul A
- Venue
- Wiley eBooks
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2017-06-22
- OpenAlex
- W4235646468
- Cited by
- 415
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 64 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 68 · 2020: 58 · 2019: 38 · 2018: 17
- FWCI
- 7.99
- Type
- book
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Wiley eBooks (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Probability and Statistical Research
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Markov Chains and Monte Carlo Methods
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Mathematical Physics › Stochastic processes and statistical mechanics
- Keywords
- Markov chains, stochastic processes, transition probabilities, Markov property
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