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Do Images of Biskyrmions Show Type‐II Bubbles?
Open accessAbstract
The intense research effort investigating magnetic skyrmions and their applications for spintronics has yielded reports of more exotic objects including the biskyrmion, which consists of a bound pair of counter‐rotating vortices of magnetization. Biskyrmions have been identified only from transmission electron microscopy images and have not been observed by other techniques, nor seen in simulations carried out under realistic conditions. Here, quantitative Lorentz transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray holography, and micromagnetic simulations are combined to search for biskyrmions in MnNiGa, a material in which they have been reported. Only type‐I and type‐II magnetic bubbles are found and images purported to show biskyrmions can be explained as type‐II bubbles viewed at an angle to their axes. It is not the magnetization but the magnetic flux density resulting from this object that forms the counter‐rotating vortices.
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The reversed-field method for achieving skyrmion-bubble bundles with multiQ properties is applicable to a wide range of traditional uniaxial magnets at room temperature.
“This method is applicable to a wide range of traditional uniaxial magnets at room temperature [21, 24-27, 29] .”
From Skyrmion‐Bubble Bundles in an X‐Type Sr 2 Co 2 Fe 28 O 46 Hexaferrite above Room Temperature (2023) · cites this paper as [29]
The paper’s discussion of magnetic bubbles (section labeled Abstract; page unavailable) says they can form in thin uniaxial magnetic materials, and its MnNiGa experiments produced bubbles at room temperature. It does not establish that a reversed-field method produces multi-Q skyrmion-bubble bundles or that such a method applies to a wide range of traditional uniaxial magnets. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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Metadata
- Authors
- Loudon, J. C., Twitchett‐Harrison, A. C., Cortés‐Ortuño, D., Birch, M. T., Turnbull, L. A., Štefančič, A., Ogrin, F. Y., Burgos‐Parra, E. O., Bukin, N., Laurenson, A., Popescu, H., Beg, M., Hovorka, O., Fangohr, H., Midgley, P. A., Balakrishnan, G., & Hatton, P. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Cambridge (GB)
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of Cambridge 27 Charles Babbage Road Cambridge CB3 0FS UK
- University of Southampton (GB)
- Durham University (GB)
- University of Warwick (GB)
- University of Exeter (GB)
- School of Physics and Astronomy University of Exeter Exeter EX4 4QL UK
- Synchrotron SOLEIL (FR)
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ UK
- Corresponding author
- Loudon, James C.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Advanced Materials
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2019-03-07
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 16
- Pages
- e1806598-e1806598
- ISSN
- 0935-9648 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-4095
- PMC
- PMC9285551
- OpenAlex
- W2920911119
- Cited by
- 98
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 13
- FWCI
- 6.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Advanced Materials (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick) (acceptedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
- Durham Research Online (Durham University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Open Research Exeter (University of Exeter) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Apollo (University of Cambridge) (submittedVersion)
- European XFEL (submittedVersion)
- Apollo
- Funders
- Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EP/N032128/1)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Condensed Matter Physics › Magnetic properties of thin films
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Magnetic Properties of Alloys
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Condensed Matter Physics › Advanced Condensed Matter Physics
- Keywords
- magnetic skyrmions, counter-rotating vortices, magnetic flux density, Lorentz microscopy, X-ray holography, micromagnetic simulation, spintronics
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