CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 161Metamaterials and Metasurfaces ApplicationsAdvanced Antenna and Metasurface TechnologiesAcoustic Wave Phenomena Research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Catenary Electromagnetics for Ultra‐Broadband Lightweight Absorbers and Large‐Scale Flat Antennas

Open access
Huang, Yijia, Luo, Jun, Pu, Mingbo, Guo, Yinghui, Zhao, Zeyu, Ma, Xiaoliang, Li, Xiong, Luo, Xiangang·2019·Advanced Science
DOI 10.1002/advs.201801691PMC PMC6446607
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Catenary functions are exciting and fundamental building blocks in constructing various kinds of waves in subwavelength structures. Here, a simple yet powerful approach inspired by catenary optics is proposed to realize efficient manipulation of electromagnetic waves in terms of both amplitude and phase. By properly engineering the catenary electromagnetic fields and frequency dispersion, lightweight metafilm-based broadband absorbers with polarization-independent bandwidth covering 0.65-6.2 GHz are experimentally achieved, and the bandwidth is further broadened to 0.9-40 GHz. With the same approach, a large-scale flat antenna based on generalized reflection is demonstrated in the satellite communication system. To enable the batch manufacturing, a flexible substrate-based microfabrication process is developed with a minimum feature size of down to sub-micrometer and total size up to almost 1 m. These results may provide important guidance for the design of metasurface-based devices.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1002/advs.201801691

Cites

2 of 2 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

Figure 1 The catenary models in 1D and 2D structures. a) The extracted electric field distribution in metallic slit with various w at 10 GHz. The upper inset is the schematic of the subwavelength slit with p = 10 mm and the electric field of the incident wave is parallel to the x‐axis. b) The comparison of transmission amplitude between simulated results obtained by CST (solid lines) and their theoretical counterparts calculated by catenary model (dashed lines). c) The extracted electric field distribution in two adjacent CRRs with various g and s. The upper inset is the schematic diagram of the structure with p = 20 mm, d = 5 mm. d) The comparison of unwrapped phase between simulation and theory with different g. The working frequency is f = 4 GHz and s is fixed at 1 mm. Both results show great agreement even g approaches zero.
Figure 1 The catenary models in 1D and 2D structures. a) The extracted electric field distribution in metallic slit with various w at 10 GHz. The upper inset is the schematic of the subwavelength slit with p = 10 mm and the electric field of the incident wave is parallel to the x‐axis. b) The comparison of transmission amplitude between simulated results obtained by CST (solid lines) and their theoretical counterparts calculated by catenary model (dashed lines). c) The extracted electric field distribution in two adjacent CRRs with various g and s. The upper inset is the schematic diagram of the structure with p = 20 mm, d = 5 mm. d) The comparison of unwrapped phase between simulation and theory with different g. The working frequency is f = 4 GHz and s is fixed at 1 mm. Both results show great agreement even g approaches zero.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 2 The design of the broadband absorber. a) The schematic of the absorber. Based on the catenary model, the response of this structure can be calculated directly that the parameters of this structure can be optimized to realize efficient absorption. The optimized parameters are p = 30 mm, g = 0.2 mm, s 1 = s 2 = 1 mm, s 3 = 1.5 mm. h 1 = 13 mm, h 2 = h 3 = 18 mm. Rs 1 = 30 Ω, Rs 2 = Rs 3 = 22 Ω. The dielectric is set as air with ε = 1 and the metal is nichrome with conductivity σ = 2.2 × 105 S m−1. Zgi, Zdi (i = 1, 2, or 3) are the effective impedance of the metasurface and the impedance of dielectric. b) Simulated and theoretical reflection from 0 to 8 GHz. The −10 dB bandwidth of our structure is 5.55 GHz with more than three octave bandwidths. c) The extracted electric field distribution along the trilayered metasurface at 5.56 GHz. As the distance between adjacent resonators is much smaller than that between two arms of a resonator, the intensity of electric field is much stronger in the former case.
Figure 2 The design of the broadband absorber. a) The schematic of the absorber. Based on the catenary model, the response of this structure can be calculated directly that the parameters of this structure can be optimized to realize efficient absorption. The optimized parameters are p = 30 mm, g = 0.2 mm, s 1 = s 2 = 1 mm, s 3 = 1.5 mm. h 1 = 13 mm, h 2 = h 3 = 18 mm. Rs 1 = 30 Ω, Rs 2 = Rs 3 = 22 Ω. The dielectric is set as air with ε = 1 and the metal is nichrome with conductivity σ = 2.2 × 105 S m−1. Zgi, Zdi (i = 1, 2, or 3) are the effective impedance of the metasurface and the impedance of dielectric. b) Simulated and theoretical reflection from 0 to 8 GHz. The −10 dB bandwidth of our structure is 5.55 GHz with more than three octave bandwidths. c) The extracted electric field distribution along the trilayered metasurface at 5.56 GHz. As the distance between adjacent resonators is much smaller than that between two arms of a resonator, the intensity of electric field is much stronger in the former case.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 3 The fabricated samples and their measured results. a,b) The image of the foam‐based absorber and its performance from 0 to 8 GHz. c,d) The image of the absorbing honeycomb‐structure‐based material and its measured reflection from 0.3 to 40 GHz. Owing to the limitations of our testing equipment, the performance at higher frequencies cannot be measured.
Figure 3 The fabricated samples and their measured results. a,b) The image of the foam‐based absorber and its performance from 0 to 8 GHz. c,d) The image of the absorbing honeycomb‐structure‐based material and its measured reflection from 0.3 to 40 GHz. Owing to the limitations of our testing equipment, the performance at higher frequencies cannot be measured.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 4 a) The simulated performance of our film antenna with 800 mm diameter and 400 mm focal length at 12 GHz. The inset depicts the phase responses of the six‐leveled unit cells in the antenna with different structural parameters obtained by the catenary model (blue) and numerical simulation (orange), respectively. b,c) The simulated results of 3D and 2D gain patterns at 12 GHz for a smaller antenna with 200 mm diameter and 100 mm focal length. d) The image of the satellite television system. In this system, the metafilm‐based antenna is responsible for focusing the signals emitted from ChinaSat 9 to the tuner. As this photo was taken outdoors, the strong sunlight influenced the contrast of the picture on the television.
Figure 4 a) The simulated performance of our film antenna with 800 mm diameter and 400 mm focal length at 12 GHz. The inset depicts the phase responses of the six‐leveled unit cells in the antenna with different structural parameters obtained by the catenary model (blue) and numerical simulation (orange), respectively. b,c) The simulated results of 3D and 2D gain patterns at 12 GHz for a smaller antenna with 200 mm diameter and 100 mm focal length. d) The image of the satellite television system. In this system, the metafilm‐based antenna is responsible for focusing the signals emitted from ChinaSat 9 to the tuner. As this photo was taken outdoors, the strong sunlight influenced the contrast of the picture on the television.CC BY · PubMed Central
Figure 5 The fabrication process of our broadband absorber. The proposed technique can enable large‐scale fabrication with high precision on flexible substrates, which is promising in industrial applications.
Figure 5 The fabrication process of our broadband absorber. The proposed technique can enable large‐scale fabrication with high precision on flexible substrates, which is promising in industrial applications.CC BY · PubMed Central

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 2 references

Research works printed but not linked: 37

  1. 10.1002/adom.201701201 · DOI
  2. 10.1007/s11433-015-5688-1 · DOI
  3. Luo X., 2018, ACS Photonics
  4. 10.1364/OE.16.004753 · DOI
  5. 10.1126/science.1210713 · DOI · Paper page
  6. 10.1038/s41565-017-0052-4 · DOI
  7. 10.1038/s41565-017-0034-6 · DOI
  8. 10.1002/adma.201600625 · DOI
  9. 10.1126/sciadv.1500396 · DOI
  10. 10.1126/sciadv.1601102 · DOI
  11. 10.1039/C8NR01728J · DOI
  12. 10.1002/advs.201800835 · DOI
  13. 10.1088/0953-8984/25/21/215301 · DOI
  14. 10.1063/1.2336078 · DOI
  15. 10.1063/1.4904905 · DOI
  16. 10.1016/j.optcom.2017.09.036 · DOI
  17. 10.1063/1.5003800 · DOI
  18. 10.1364/OL.37.002133 · DOI
  19. 10.1021/acsphotonics.8b00437 · DOI
  20. 10.1364/OE.26.019555 · DOI
  21. Smythe W. R., 1939, Static and Dynamic Electricity
  22. 10.1049/el:19820201 · DOI
  23. 10.1016/S0304-8853(03)00617-6 · DOI
  24. Liu X. G., 2008, Appl. Phys. Lett., 92, 053115
  25. 10.1109/MAP.2012.6309153 · DOI
  26. 10.1049/iet-map.2015.0653 · DOI
  27. 10.1109/8.884491 · DOI
  28. 10.1109/LAWP.2017.2780231 · DOI
  29. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.111.187402 · DOI
  30. 10.1364/OE.25.024974 · DOI
  31. 10.1038/srep19885 · DOI
  32. Nemati A., 2018, Optoelectron. Adv., 1, 18000901
  33. 10.1049/el:19830460 · DOI
  34. 10.1049/ip-h-1.1982.0001 · DOI
  35. Zhang M., 2018, Nanophotonics
  36. 10.1038/nphoton.2015.69 · DOI · Paper page
  37. 10.1364/AOP.10.000757 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Huang, Y., Luo, J., Pu, M., Guo, Y., Zhao, Z., Ma, X., Li, X., & Luo, X.
Affiliations
Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CN)
Corresponding author
Luo, Xiangang
ORCID
Venue
Advanced Science
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2019-02
Volume
6
Issue
7
Pages
1801691-1801691
ISSN
2198-3844 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1002/advs.201801691
PMC
PMC6446607
OpenAlex
W2912072238
Cited by
161
References
2
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 19
FWCI
7.44
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Advanced Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
National Natural Science Foundation of China (61622508, 61622509)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials › Metamaterials and Metasurfaces Applications
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Acoustics and Ultrasonics › Acoustic Wave Phenomena Research
Keywords
lightweight absorbers, polarization-independent absorption, metacinema, frequency dispersion, flat antenna, satellite communication antennas, metasurfaces, amplitude and phase control

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review