Understanding the Exceptional Performance of Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathodes in Aqueous Electrolytes at Subzero Temperatures
Abstract
Lithium‐ion batteries with aqueous electrolytes can be excellent candidates for battery applications at low temperatures. In contrast to a common misconception, aqueous lithium ion batteries can operate at several tens of degrees below the freezing point of water when high concentration electrolyte solutions are utilized. Furthermore, it is reported here that the performance of intercalation cathodes in aqueous electrolytes is quite remarkable and superior to that in common organic electrolytes at very low temperatures down to about −40 °C. Here in the performance of water‐based electrolyte solutions‐based on three low‐cost inorganic salts (LiNO 3 , Li 2 SO 4 , and LiCl) and that of the corresponding aqueous battery systems is studied in order to understand the rate‐limiting step at sub‐zero temperatures. It is found that the charge transfer resistance is the largest impedance contributor at low temperatures. However, layered cathodes in aqueous electrolytes do not exhibit a significant increase in the charge‐transfer resistance, or a reduction in the accessible capacity during charging until the temperature is close to the solution freezing point. This is in sharp contrast to their behavior in organic electrolytes that do not support any performance below −20 °C. This different behavior explains the dramatically superior performance of lithium ion battery cathodes in water‐based electrolytes at lower temperatures.
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Among various electrolytes, the water-based electrolyte using LiCl salt for the LCO cathode cell retained nearly 72% of its room-temperature capacity at -40 °C, much higher than traditional organic electrolytes.
“Among various electrolytes, the water-based electrolyte using LiCl salt for the LCO cathode cell retained nearly 72% of its RT capacity at -40 °C, which is much higher than that of traditional organic electrolytes.”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [80]
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“[ 60, 61].”
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- Authors
- Ramanujapuram, A., & Yushin, G.
- Affiliations
- Georgia Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yushin, Gleb
- Venue
- Advanced Energy Materials
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-10-30
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 35
- ISSN
- 1614-6832 (ISSN-L)
- 1614-6840
- OpenAlex
- W2898642412
- Cited by
- 130
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 28 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 6
- FWCI
- 3.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Advanced Energy Materials (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advancements in Battery Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced battery technologies research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Advanced Battery Technologies Research
- Keywords
- aqueous lithium-ion batteries, cathode performance, intercalation cathodes, layered oxide cathodes, concentrated electrolytes, lithium nitrate, lithium sulfate, lithium chloride, charge transfer resistance, rate-determining step, low-temperature battery performance
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