Sexually dimorphic effects of four genes (COMT, SLC6A2, MAOA, SLC6A4) in genetic associations of ADHD: A preliminary study
Open accessAbstract
A growing body of literature finds gender differences in ADHD. However, little is known about the causes of these differences. One possibility is that ADHD risk genes have sexually dimorphic effects. We have investigated four ADHD candidate genes (COMT, SLC6A2, MAOA, SLC6A4) for which there is evidence of sexually dimorphic effects. Past neurobiological and genetic studies suggest that COMT, and SLC6A4 variants may have a greater influence on males and that SLC6A2, and MAOA variants may have a greater influence on females. Our results indicate that genetic associations are stronger when stratified by sex and in the same direction as the previous neurobiological studies indicate: associations were stronger in males for COMT, SLC6A4 and stronger in females for SLC6A2, MAOA. Moreover, we found a statistically significant gender effect in the case of COMT (P = 0.007) when we pooled our work with a prior study. In conclusion, we have found some evidence suggesting that the genetic association for these genes with ADHD may be influenced by the sex of the affected individual. Although our results are not fully validated yet, they should motivate further investigation of gender effects in ADHD genetic association studies. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Some evidence suggests that gender could be a moderating factor with Met being the risk allele in boys.
“some evidence suggests that gender could be a moderating factor with Met being the risk allele in boys (Biederman et al, 2008; Qian et al, 2003)”
From DAT1 and COMT effects on delay discounting and trait impulsivity in male adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and healthy controls (2010) · cites this paper as Biederman et al, 2008
Met is the risk allele in boys.
“Met being the risk allele in boys (Biederman et al, 2008; Qian et al, 2003).”
From DAT1 and COMT effects on delay discounting and trait impulsivity in male adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and healthy controls (2010) · cites this paper as Biederman et al, 2008
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
The citation lists haven’t been fetched yet
References 67 · Cited by 100
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Kashani J Chapel J Ellis J Shekim W 1979 Hyperactive girls Journal of Operational Psychiatry 10 2 145 148
- Pauls DL Shaywitz SE Kramer PL Shaywitz BA Cohen DJ 1983 Demonstration of vertical transmission of attention deficit disorder Annals of Neurology 14 363
- Spitzer RL Williams JB Gibbon M First MB 1990 Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R: Non-Patient Edition (SCID-NP, Version 1.0) Washington, DC American Psychiatric Press
- Authors
- Biederman, J., Kim, J. W., Doyle, A. E., Mick, E., Fagerness, J., Smoller, J. W., & Faraone, S. V.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- SUNY Upstate Medical University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Biederman, Joseph
- Venue
- American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2008-10-20
- Volume
- 147B
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1511-1518
- ISSN
- 1552-4841 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-485X
- PMC
- PMC2587524
- OpenAlex
- W2099784662
- Cited by
- 100
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 7.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH066877, R01MH66877)
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R01HD37999, R01HD37694, R01HD037694, R01HD037999)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic Associations and Epidemiology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, sex differences, catechol-O-methyltransferase, norepinephrine transporter, monoamine oxidase A, serotonin transporter, genetic association, candidate genes, sex-stratified analysis
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Alleles, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Catechol O-Methyltransferase, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Genetic Markers, Genotype, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Male, Monoamine Oxidase, Sex Factors, Linkage Disequilibrium, Chi-Square Distribution, Case-Control Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Siblings, Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
