The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Treatment of multiple sclerosis with the pregnancy hormone estriol
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis patients who become pregnant experience a significant decrease in relapses that may be mediated by a shift in immune responses from T helper 1 to T helper 2. Animal models of multiple sclerosis have shown that the pregnancy hormone, estriol, can ameliorate disease and can cause an immune shift. We treated nonpregnant female multiple sclerosis patients with the pregnancy hormone estriol in an attempt to recapitulate the beneficial effect of pregnancy. As compared with pretreatment baseline, relapsing remitting patients treated with oral estriol (8mg/day) demonstrated significant decreases in delayed type hypersensitivity responses to tetanus, interferon‐γ levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and gadolinium enhancing lesion numbers and volumes on monthly cerebral magnetic resonance images. When estriol treatment was stopped, enhancing lesions increased to pretreatment levels. When estriol treatment was reinstituted, enhancing lesions again were significantly decreased. Based on these results, a larger, placebo‐controlled trial of estriol is warranted in women with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. This novel treatment strategy of using pregnancy doses of estriol in multiple sclerosis has relevance to other autoimmune diseases that also improve during pregnancy.
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“Interestingly, the administration of estriol to nonpregnant women with RRMS showed a reduction in the number of Th1 cells, which are involved in the autoimmune response, and also in the clinical score of the disease49.”
From Tamoxifen accelerates the repair of demyelinated lesions in the central nervous system (2016) · cites this paper as [49]
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Cites
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Interferon beta‐1b is effective in relapsing‐remitting multiple sclerosis
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Rate of Pregnancy-Related Relapse in Multiple Sclerosis
Confavreux, C., Hutchinson, M., Hours, M. M., Cortinovis-Tourniaire, P., & Moreau, T. (1998) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199807303390501 · Cited by 1,559
Immunological Aspects Of Demyelinating Diseases
Martinꝉ, R., McFarland, H. F., & McFarlin, D. E. (1992) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.iy.10.040192.001101 · Cited by 1,021
Comi, G., Filippi, M., Wolinsky, J. S., & European/Canadian Glatiramer Acetate Study Group (2001) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.64 · Cited by 768
Comi, G., Filippi, M., & Wolinsky, J. S. (2001) · PubMed · Cited by 688
Randomized controlled trial of interferon-beta-1a in secondary progressive MS
Li, D. K. B., Zhao, G., & Paty, D. W. (2001) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.56.11.1505 · Cited by 458
Duda, P. W., Schmied, M. C., Cook, S. L., Krieger, J. I., & Hafler, D. A. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci8970 · Cited by 416
Testosterone Acts Directly on CD4+ T Lymphocytes to Increase IL-10 Production
Liva, S. M., & Voskuhl, R. R. (2001) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.167.4.2060 · Cited by 395
Self-citationMcFarland, H. F., Frank, J. A., Albert, P. S., Smith, M. E., Martinꝉ, R., Harris, J. O., Patronas, N. J., Maloni, H. W., & McFarlin, D. E. (1992) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410320609 · Cited by 347
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Immunology of multiple sclerosis
Sospedra, M., & Martin, R. (2005) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.23.021704.115707 · Cited by 2,149
The complex role of estrogens in inflammation
Straub, R. H. (2007) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2007-0001 · Cited by 1,950
Gender differences in autoimmune disease
Ngo, S. T., Steyn, F. J., & McCombe, P. A. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.04.004 · Cited by 1,074
Pregnancy and pregnancy-associated hormones alter immune responses and disease pathogenesis
Robinson, D. P., & Klein, S. L. (2012) · Hormones and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.02.023 · Cited by 745
Offen, D., Gilgun-Sherki, Y., & Melamed, E. (2004) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-004-0348-9 · Cited by 638
Metadata
- Authors
- Sicotte, N. L., Liva, S. M., Klutch, R., Pfeiffer, P., Bouvier, S., Odesa, S., Wu, T. C. J., & Voskuhl, R. R.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Voskuhl, Rhonda R.
- Venue
- Annals of Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2002-08-19
- Volume
- 52
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 421-428
- ISSN
- 0364-5134 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-8249
- OpenAlex
- W2135551891
- Cited by
- 435
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 25 · 2012: 30
- FWCI
- 12.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Pregnancy and Medication Impact
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Psoriasis: Treatment and Pathogenesis
- Keywords
- multiple sclerosis, estriol, pregnancy hormones, relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, interferon-gamma, delayed-type hypersensitivity, gadolinium-enhancing lesions, disease-modifying therapy
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Estriol, Female, Humans, Hypersensitivity, Delayed, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Middle Aged, Multiple Sclerosis, Pregnancy, Recurrence, Biomarkers, Th1 Cells, Cross-Over Studies
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