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Delayed cerebral edema and fatal coma after minor head trauma: Role of the CACNA1A calcium channel subunit gene and relationship with familial hemiplegic migraine
Abstract
Trivial head trauma may be complicated by severe, sometimes even fatal, cerebral edema and coma occurring after a lucid interval ("delayed cerebral edema"). Attacks of familial hemiplegic migraine (FHM) can be triggered by minor head trauma and are sometimes accompanied by coma. Mutations in the CACNA1A calcium channel subunit gene on chromosome 19 are associated with a wide spectrum of mutation-specific episodic and chronic neurological disorders, including FHM with or without coma. We investigated the role of the CACNA1A gene in three subjects with delayed cerebral edema. Two subjects originated from a family with extreme FHM, and one subject was the previously asymptomatic daughter of a sporadic patient with hemiplegic migraine attacks. In all three subjects with delayed severe edema, we found a C-to-T substitution resulting in the substitution of serine for lysine at codon 218 (S218L) in the CACNA1A gene. The mutation was absent in nonaffected family members and 152 control individuals. Haplotype analysis excluded a common founder for both families. Neuropathological examination in one subject showed Purkinje cell loss with relative preservation of granule cells and sparing of the dentate and inferior olivary nuclei. We conclude that the novel S218L mutation in the CACNA1A calcium channel subunit gene is involved in FHM and delayed fatal cerebral edema and coma after minor head trauma. This finding may have important implications for the understanding and treatment of this dramatic syndrome.
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“Several individuals with this juvenile head trauma syndrome have been reported to have a mutation in the calcium channel subunit gene (CACNA1A) associated with familial hemiplegic migraine [101].”
From The neuropathology of sport (2014) · cites this paper as [101]
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Harmon, K. G., Drezner, J. A., Gammons, M. R., Guskiewicz, K. M., Halstead, M., Herring, S. A., Kutcher, J. S., Pana, A., Putukian, M., & Roberts, W. O. (2012) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2012-091941 · Cited by 1,433
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kors, E. E., Terwindt, G. M., Vermeulen, F. L. M. G., Fitzsimons, R. B., Jardine, P. E., Heywood, P., Love, S., Van Den Maagdenberg, A. M. J. M., Haan, J., Frants, R. R., & Ferrari, M. D.
- Affiliations
- Leiden University Medical Center (NL)
- Frenchay Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Ferrari, Michel D.
- Venue
- Annals of Neurology
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2001
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 753-760
- ISSN
- 0364-5134 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-8249
- OpenAlex
- W1986788837
- Cited by
- 361
- References
- 39
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 22
- FWCI
- 8.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Migraine and Headache Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Keywords
- mild traumatic brain injury, familial hemiplegic migraine, CACNA1A gene, P/Q-type calcium channels, Purkinje cell degeneration, genetic susceptibility
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Amino Acid Sequence, Australia, Brain Edema, Cerebellar Cortex, Child, Preschool, Coma, DNA Mutational Analysis, England, Female, Haplotypes, Craniocerebral Trauma, Heterozygote, Humans, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Pedigree, Purkinje Cells, Calcium Channels, Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational, Mutation, Missense, Migraine with Aura, Calcium Channels, N-Type, Protein Subunits
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