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Catalytic Ethanolysis of Kraft Lignin into High‐Value Small‐Molecular Chemicals over a Nanostructured α‐Molybdenum Carbide Catalyst
Abstract
We report the complete ethanolysis of Kraft lignin over an α‐MoC 1−x/AC catalyst in pure ethanol at 280 °C to give high‐value chemicals of low molecular weight with a maximum overall yield of the 25 most abundant liquid products (LP25) of 1.64 g per gram of lignin. The LP25 products consisted of C 6–C 10 esters, alcohols, arenes, phenols, and benzyl alcohols with an overall heating value of 36.5 MJ kg−1. C 6 alcohols and C 8 esters predominated and accounted for 82 wt % of the LP25 products. No oligomers or char were formed in the process. With our catalyst, ethanol is the only effective solvent for the reaction. Supercritical ethanol on its own degrades Kraft lignin into a mixture of small molecules and molecular fragments of intermediate size with molecular weights in the range 700–1400, differing in steps of 58 units, which is the weight of the branched‐chain linkage C 3 H 6 O in lignin. Hydrogen was found to have a negative effect on the formation of the low‐molecular‐weight products.
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Cites
The Catalytic Valorization of Lignin for the Production of Renewable Chemicals
Zakzeski, J., Bruijnincx, P. C. A., Jongerius, A. L., & Weckhuysen, B. M. (2010) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr900354u · Cited by 4,468
Recovery of phenolic compounds through the decomposition of lignin in near and supercritical water
Wahyudiono, Sasaki, M., & Goto, M. (2008) · Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification · doi:10.1016/j.cep.2007.09.001 · Cited by 323
Cheng, S., Wilks, C., Yuan, Z., Leitch, M., & Xu, C. (. (2012) · Polymer Degradation and Stability · doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.03.044 · Cited by 207
Okuda, K., Umetsu, M., Takami, S., & Adschiri, T. (2004) · Fuel Processing Technology · doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2003.11.027 · Cited by 187
Cited by
Catalytic Transformation of Lignin for the Production of Chemicals and Fuels
Li, C., Zhao, X., Wang, A., Huber, G. W., & Zhang, T. (2015) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00155 · Cited by 2,951
Li, J.-S., Wang, Y., Liu, C.-H., Li, S.-L., Wang, Y.-G., Dong, L.-Z., Dai, Z.-H., Li, Y.-F., & Lan, Y.-Q. (2016) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms11204 · Cited by 990
Self-citationCatalytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into chemicals and fuels
Deng, W., Feng, Y., Fu, J., Guo, H., Guo, Y., Han, B., Jiang, Z., Kong, L., Li, C., Liu, H., et al. (2023) · Green Energy & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.gee.2022.07.003 · Cited by 854
Alternative Monomers Based on Lignocellulose and Their Use for Polymer Production
Delidovich, I., Hausoul, P. J. C., Deng, L., Pfützenreuter, R., Rose, M., & Palkovits, R. (2016) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00354 · Cited by 773
Selective production of arenes via direct lignin upgrading over a niobium-based catalyst
Shao, Y., Xia, Q., Dong, L., Liu, X., Han, X., Parker, S. F., Cheng, Y., Daemen, L. L., Ramirez-Cuesta, A. J., Yang, S., et al. (2017) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms16104 · Cited by 506
Metadata
- Authors
- Ma, R., Hao, W., Ma, X., Tian, Y., & Li, Y.
- Venue
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-06-02
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 28
- Pages
- 7310-7315
- ISSN
- 1433-7851 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-3773
- OpenAlex
- W2122993052
- Cited by
- 303
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 18.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Ma, R., Hao, W., Ma, X., Tian, Y., & Li, Y. (2014). Catalytic Ethanolysis of Kraft Lignin into High‐Value Small‐Molecular Chemicals over a Nanostructured α‐Molybdenum Carbide Catalyst. Angewandte Chemie International Edition. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201402752
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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