Spatially Confined Assembly of Monodisperse Ruthenium Nanoclusters in a Hierarchically Ordered Carbon Electrode for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution
Abstract
The redox units of polyaniline (PAni) are used cooperatively, and in situ, to assemble ruthenium (Ru) nanoclusters in a hierarchically ordered carbon electrode. The oxidized quinonoid imine (QI) units in PAni bond Ru complex ions selectively, whereas reduced benzenoid amine (BA) units cannot. By electrochemically tuning the ratio of QI to BA, Ru complexes are spatially confined in the outer layer of hierarchical PAni frameworks. Carbonization of Ru-PAni hybrids induces nucleation on the outer surface of the carbon support, generating nearly monodisperse Ru nanoclusters. The optimized catalyst has a low loading of approximately 2 wt % Ru, but exhibits a mass activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction that is about 6.8 times better than commercial 20 wt % Pt/C catalyst.
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Ruthenium has emerged as an attractive candidate for HER largely because of a moderate Ru-H bond strength analogous to Pt-H, which is conducive to facile HER kinetics.
“ruthenium (Ru) has emerged as an attractive candidate, largely because of a moderate strength of the ruthenium-hydrogen (Ru-H) bond that is analogous to that of Pt-H, which is conducive to facile HER kinetics [9–18]”
From Atomically dispersed ruthenium in carbon aerogels as effective catalysts for pH-universal hydrogen evolution reaction (2022) · cites this paper as [10]
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References 47 · Cited by 166
- Authors
- Wang, Z., Sun, K., Henzie, J., Hao, X., Li, C., Takei, T., Kang, Y., & Yamauchi, Y.
- Affiliations
- International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA) National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) 1-1 Namiki Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0044 Japan
- Yanshan University (CN)
- National Institute for Materials Science (JP)
- Dongguk University (KR)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Henzie, Joel
- Yamauchi, Yusuke
- Venue
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2018-04-14
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- 5848-5852
- ISSN
- 1433-7851 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-3773
- OpenAlex
- W2800116646
- Cited by
- 166
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 9
- FWCI
- 5.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (15F15766, 17K19044)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Electrocatalysts for Energy Conversion
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Polymers and Plastics › Conducting polymers and applications
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › CO2 Reduction Techniques and Catalysts
- Keywords
- ruthenium nanoclusters, hydrogen evolution reaction, polyaniline, spatial confinement, carbonization, nucleation, low ruthenium loading, electrocatalysis
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