Synergy of Weakly‐Solvated Electrolyte and Optimized Interphase Enables Graphite Anode Charge at Low Temperature
Abstract
Graphite anode suffers from great capacity loss and even fails to charge (i.e. Li+‐intercalation) under low temperature, mainly arising from the large overpotential including sluggish de‐solvation process and insufficient ions movement in the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). Herein, an electrolyte is developed by utilizing weakly solvated molecule ethyl trifluoroacetate and film‐forming fluoroethylene carbonate to achieve smooth de‐solvation and high ionic conductivity at low temperature. Evolution of SEI formed at different temperatures is further investigated to propose an effective room‐temperature SEI formation strategy for low‐temperature operations. The synergetic effect of tamed electrolyte and optimized SEI enables graphite with a reversible charge/discharge capacity of 183 mAh g−1 at −30 °C and fast‐charging up to 6C‐rate at room temperature. Moreover, graphite||LiFePO 4 full cell maintains a capacity retention of 78 % at −30 °C, and 37 % even at a super‐low temperature of −60 °C. This work offers a progressive insight towards fast‐charging and low‐temperature batteries.
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A weakly solvated ethyl trifluoroacetate solvent used as a major component with fluoroethylene carbonate can reduce Li+ migration barriers at low temperatures, but weak ethyl trifluoroacetate-Li+ affinity can cause low Li+ conductivity; fluoroethylene carbonate enhances salt solubility and solid electrolyte interphase stability.
“Although the low melting point and viscosity of ETFA can reduce Li + migration barriers at LTs, the weak affinity between ETFA-Li + can cause low Li + conductivity of the electrolyte.Therefore, FEC was introduced to enhance the solubility of salt and the stability of SEI [46].”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [46]
An ethyl trifluoroacetate/fluoroethylene carbonate electrolyte demonstrated excellent compatibility with both lithium metal anode and graphite anode over a wide temperature range with fast charging rates.
“This electrolyte demonstrated excellent compatibility with both LMA and graphite anode at wide-temperature range with fast charging rates.”
From Review on Low-Temperature Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion and Lithium Metal Batteries (2023) · cites this paper as [46]
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Regulation of Interfacial Chemistry Enabling High-Power Dual-Ion Batteries at Low Temperatures.
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- Authors
- Yang, Y., Fang, Z., Yin, Y., Cao, Y., Wang, Y., Dong, X., & Xia, Y.
- Affiliations
- Fudan University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Dong, Xiaoli
- Xia, Yongyao
- Venue
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2022-08
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 36
- Pages
- e202208345-e202208345
- ISSN
- 1433-7851 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-3773
- OpenAlex
- W4285495418
- Cited by
- 143
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 45 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 3
- FWCI
- 8.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2022-10-31)
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFE0201702)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (21875045, 21935003, 22109028)
- Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (22ZR1404400)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advancements in Battery Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Automotive Engineering › Advanced Battery Technologies Research
- Keywords
- graphite anode, solid electrolyte interphase, ethyl trifluoroacetate, fluoroethylene carbonate, ionic conductivity, SEI formation, fast charging, LiFePO4 full cell, capacity retention
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