Millimeter wave absorption spectra of biological samples
Abstract
A solid‐state computer‐controlled system has been used to make swept‐frequency measurements of absorption of biological specimens from 26.5 to 90.0 GHz. A wide range of samples was used, including solutions of DNA and RNA, and suspensions of BHK‐21/C13 cells, Candida albicans, C krusei, and Escherichia coli. Sharp spectra reported by other workers were not observed. The strong absorbance of water (10–30 dB/mm) caused the absorbance of all aqueous preparations that we examined to have a water‐like dependence on frequency. Reduction of incident power (to below 1.0 μW), elimination of modulation, and control of temperature to assure cell viability were not found to significantly alter the water‐dominated absorbance. Frozen samples of BHK‐21/C13 cells tested at dry ice and liquid nitrogen temperatures were found to have average insertion loss reduced to 0.2 dB/cm but still showed no reproducible peaks that could be attributed to absorption spectra. It is concluded that the spectral resonances reported by others are likely to be in error.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The resonance effect of MMWs on DNA conformation was not supported by earlier experiments on a number of different cell types conducted by Gandhi et al. and Bush et al.
“This resonance effect was not supported by earlier experiments on a number of different cell types conducted by Gandhi et al. and Bush et al. [75, 76].”
From 5G mobile networks and health—a state-of-the-science review of the research into low-level RF fields above 6 GHz (2021) · cites this paper as [75]
Cites
Long-range coherence and energy storage in biological systems.
Fröhlich, H. (1968) · International Journal of Quantum Chemistry · doi:10.1002/qua.560020505 · Cited by 1,069 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Karipidis, K., Mate, R., Urban, D., Tinker, R., & Wood, A. (2021) · Journal of Exposure Science & Environmental Epidemiology · doi:10.1038/s41370-021-00297-6 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
- Authors
- Gandhi, O. P., Hagmann, M. J., Hill, D. W., Partlow, L. M., & Bush, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Utah (US)
- Corresponding author
- Gandhi, O. P.
- Venue
- Bioelectromagnetics
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 1980-01
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 285-298
- ISSN
- 0197-8462 (ISSN-L)
- 1521-186X
- OpenAlex
- W2164060421
- Cited by
- 30
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2021: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 2.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Bioelectromagnetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Electromagnetic Fields and Biological Effects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
- Keywords
- millimeter-wave absorption, biological tissue, water absorption, BHK-21 cells, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, frozen tissue, insertion loss, biological resonance
- MeSH terms
- Absorption, Animals, Candida, Cells, Cultured, DNA, Escherichia coli, Cricetinae, Kidney, Mesocricetus, Microwaves, Radiation Dosage, RNA
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
