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Cited by 41Genomics and Chromatin DynamicsChromatin Remodeling and CancerEpigenetics and DNA Methylation

Phase Separation and Transcription Regulation: Are Super-Enhancers and Locus Control Regions Primary Sites of Transcription Complex Assembly?

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Gurumurthy, Aishwarya, Shen, Yong, Gunn, Eliot M., Bungert, Jörg·2019·BioEssays
DOI 10.1002/bies.201800164PMC PMC6484441
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Abstract

It is proposed that the multiple enhancer elements associated with locus control regions and super‐enhancers recruit RNA polymerase II and efficiently assemble elongation competent transcription complexes that are transferred to target genes by transcription termination and transient looping mechanisms. It is well established that transcription complexes are recruited not only to promoters but also to enhancers, where they generate enhancer RNAs. Transcription at enhancers is unstable and frequently aborted. Furthermore, the Integrator and WD‐domain containing protein 82 mediate transcription termination at enhancers. Abortion and termination of transcription at the multiple enhancers of locus control regions and super‐enhancers provide a large pool of elongation competent transcription complexes. These are efficiently captured by strong basal promoter elements at target genes during transient looping interactions.

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  • Current theories propose liquid-liquid phase separation and some form of transcription factor trapping or engagement of transcription factors in multivalent interactions independent of assembly into phase-separated liquid-like droplets.

    “current theories propose liquid-liquid phase separation18,64–66 and some form of TF trapping22,67 or engagement of TFs in multivalent interactions independent of assembly into phase-separated liquid-like droplets.68”

    From Super-enhancers include classical enhancers and facilitators to fully activate gene expression (2023) · cites this paper as [66]

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Authors
Gurumurthy, A., Shen, Y., Gunn, E. M., & Bungert, J.
Affiliations
University of Florida (US)
Corresponding author
Bungert, Jörg
ORCID
Venue
BioEssays
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2018-11-30
Volume
41
Issue
1
Pages
e1800164-e1800164
ISSN
  • 0265-9247 (ISSN-L)
  • 1521-1878
DOI
10.1002/bies.201800164
PMC
PMC6484441
OpenAlex
W2903161951
Cited by
41
References
86
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5
FWCI
0.56
Type
journal article
Language
en
Update notices
correction (2019-02-08)
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • BioEssays (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
NIH (RO1DK52356)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Chromatin Remodeling and Cancer
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Keywords
super-enhancers, locus control region, enhancer RNA, transcription termination, RNA polymerase II, transcription complex assembly, enhancer looping, Integrator complex, enhancer-promoter interactions
MeSH terms
Enhancer Elements, Genetic, Gene Expression Regulation, Humans, RNA Polymerase II, Transcription, Genetic, Locus Control Region, beta-Globins

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