Organoid co‐culture models of the tumor microenvironment promote precision medicine
Open accessAbstract
In recent years, the three‐dimensional (3D) culture system has emerged as a promising preclinical model for tumor research owing to its ability to replicate the tissue structure and molecular characteristics of solid tumors in vivo. This system offers several advantages, including high throughput, efficiency, and retention of tumor heterogeneity. Traditional Matrigel‐submerged organoid cultures primarily support the long‐term proliferation of epithelial cells. One solution for the exploration of the tumor microenvironment is a reconstitution approach involving the introduction of exogenous cell types, either in dual, triple or even multiple combinations. Another solution is a holistic approach including patient‐derived tumor fragments, air‐liquid interface, suspension 3D culture, and microfluidic tumor‐on‐chip models. Organoid co‐culture models have also gained popularity for studying the tumor microenvironment, evaluating tumor immunotherapy, identifying predictive biomarkers, screening for effective drugs, and modeling infections. By leveraging these 3D culture systems, it is hoped to advance the clinical application of therapeutic approaches and improve patient outcomes.
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Ex vivo coculture systems utilizing human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes cocultured with patient-derived organoids provide valuable platforms to interrogate human-specific immune responses to phage-delivered antigens or immunotherapies.
“In addition, ex vivo coculture systems utilizing human peripheral blood mononuclear cells or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes cocultured with patient-derived organoids provide valuable platforms to interrogate human-specific immune responses to phage-delivered antigens or immunotherapies [111–113]”
From Phage therapy in oncology: opportunities for cancer prevention and treatment (2026) · cites this paper as [113]
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References 160 · Cited by 47
Research works printed but not linked: 4
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- Authors
- Gu, Z., Wu, Q., Shang, B., Zhang, K., & Zhang, W.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Zhang, Kaitai
- Zhang, Wen
- Venue
- Cancer Innovation
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2023-12-17
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- e101-e101
- ISSN
- 2770-9183 (ISSN-L)
- 2770-9191
- PMC
- PMC11212345
- OpenAlex
- W4389919757
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 160
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 6
- FWCI
- 1.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cancer Innovation (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81472013)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Cells and Metastasis
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Modeling and Simulation › Mathematical Biology Tumor Growth
- Keywords
- organoid co-culture, tumor microenvironment, 3D tumor models, precision medicine, tumor heterogeneity, air-liquid interface, cancer immunotherapy, predictive biomarkers, drug screening
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