Novel strategies to reverse chemoresistance in colorectal cancer
Open accessAbstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common gastrointestinal malignancy with high morbidity and fatality. Chemotherapy, as traditional therapy for CRC, has exerted well antitumor effect and greatly improved the survival of CRC patients. Nevertheless, chemoresistance is one of the major problems during chemotherapy for CRC and significantly limits the efficacy of the treatment and influences the prognosis of patients. To overcome chemoresistance in CRC, many strategies are being investigated. Here, we review the common and novel measures to combat the resistance, including drug repurposing (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, metformin, dichloroacetate, enalapril, ivermectin, bazedoxifene, melatonin, and S-adenosylmethionine), gene therapy (ribozymes, RNAi, CRISPR/Cas9, epigenetic therapy, antisense oligonucleotides, and noncoding RNAs), protein inhibitor (EFGR inhibitor, S1PR2 inhibitor, and DNA methyltransferase inhibitor), natural herbal compounds (polyphenols, terpenoids, quinones, alkaloids, and sterols), new drug delivery system (nanocarriers, liposomes, exosomes, and hydrogels), and combination therapy. These common or novel strategies for the reversal of chemoresistance promise to improve the treatment of CRC.
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Repurposing of various clinically approved drugs, which were originally used to treat different diseases but also possess the ability to combat therapy resistance in CRC, can reduce the cost and time needed for drug development.
“the repurposing of various clinically approved drugs, which were originally used to treat different diseases but also possess the ability to combat therapy resistance in CRC, can reduce the cost and time needed for drug development [148,242].”
From Mechanisms and Strategies to Overcome Drug Resistance in Colorectal Cancer (2025) · cites this paper as [242]
The Drug Repurposing section describes drugs used for other conditions that may help reverse chemoresistance in CRC. The Conclusion says already marketed drugs are among the fastest means to apply in the clinic, supporting a time advantage. It does not state that repurposing reduces drug-development costs or specifically shortens the development process. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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References 165 · Cited by 108
- Authors
- Ma, S., Zhang, J., Yan, T., Miao, M., Cao, Y., Cao, Y., Zhang, L., & Li, L.
- Affiliations
- China Pharmaceutical University (CN)
- Institute of Vascular Disease, Shanghai TCM‐Integrated Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology China Pharmaceutic University Nanjing China
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CN)
- Department of Pharmacy Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
- Corresponding author
- Cao, Yong‐Bing
- Li, Ling
- Venue
- Cancer Medicine
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2023-01-16
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 11073-11096
- ISSN
- 2045-7634 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10242875
- OpenAlex
- W4316687269
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 165
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 9
- FWCI
- 3.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Cancer Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (81973551)
- Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality (21ZR1460400, 19ZR1451800)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Colorectal Cancer Treatments and Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cancer therapeutics and mechanisms
- Keywords
- colorectal cancer, chemoresistance, drug repurposing, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, metformin, dichloroacetate, enalapril, ivermectin, bazedoxifene, melatonin, S-adenosylmethionine, gene therapy, ribozymes, RNA interference, CRISPR/Cas9, epigenetic therapy, antisense oligonucleotides, non-coding RNA, protein inhibitors, EGFR inhibitors, hypomethylating agents, polyphenols, terpenoids, quinones, alkaloids, sterols, drug delivery systems, nanocarriers, liposomes, exosomes, hydrogels, combination therapy
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Prognosis, Colorectal Neoplasms, Drug Resistance, Neoplasm, RNA Interference, MicroRNAs, Cell Line, Tumor
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